Day 141: The Eisenhower Era Baltimore Polytechnic Institute April 7, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Reading Check 1. This is the largest land, air and sea invasion in the history of mankind. 2. General Douglas MacArthur employed this battle strategy in the Pacific. 3. Admiral Nimitiz led this pivotal battle in the Pacific in early June 1942. 4. This government office attempted to curb the impact of inflation during WWII. 5. He became the running mate for FDR in the 1944 Presidential election.

The Eisenhower Era 1952-1960 Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan. Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production. Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles. Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them. AP Focus Early in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely. Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

Chapter Focus Chapter Themes Unified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society. Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

Foreign Policy of Eisenhower John Foster Dulles-Secretary of State roll back the gains of communism liberate captive peoples balance the budget by cutting military spending “Policy of Boldness”-1954 focus on Strategic Air Command-equipped with nukes cheaper than conventional forces (really) Stalin dies in 1953 to be replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Hungarian Uprising 1956 exposed the realities of the SAC

Asia Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh/Viet Minh French colony, but by 1954 the U.S. paid nearly 80% of the French war in Indochina ($1 billion/year) Battle of Dien Bien Phu-March 1954 Vietnam nationalists surround the French garrison Ike stayed out, even though Nixon, Dulles and the Joint Chiefs favored intervention Split Vietnam at the 17 parallel with elections in 2 years Ngo Dinh Diem propped up in the South at Saigon Elections never happened Aid to Diem provided he undertook social reforms

Europe and the Middle East West Germany joined NATO in 1955 Warsaw Pact in 1955 USSR left Austria in 1955 and Khrushchev denounced dead Joe Stalin Hungarian Uprising in 1956 Iran Shah put in place in 1953 by the CIA Mohammed Reza Pahlevi Suez crisis (Nationalism) Egypt wanted a dam on the upper Nile Nasser flirted with the communists and Dulles pulled the money Nasser nationalized the canal and no oil could get to Britain and France and they assaulted Egypt in Oct. 1956 OPEC formed in 1960-Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran and Venezuela

Western Hemisphere 1954-CIA directed coup ousted a leftist government in Guatemala As long as you were fighting communists, everything is OK Fulgencio Batista-encourage huge investments of American capital Castro took control in 1959 and began dolling out American owned property U.S. stopped importing Cuban sugar Castro continued confiscating U.S. owned land USSR found an ally/satellite in Cuba

Class Discussion 1. Begin 1950’s chart 2. Complete Korean Conflict Chart

Homework Read Chapter 35 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Tuesday