Chapter 12 Nervous System.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 12 Nervous System

Control and Coordination The brain and the spinal cord form the central nervous system. All other nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system that extends throughout the entire body. The nervous system controls everything you do!!!

Control and Coordination (cont.) The nervous system is a group of organs and specialized cells that detect, process, and respond to information. It allows you to walk, breathe, and think. Some of these things are automatic and some require you to do it, but they are all controlled by some part of the nervous system

Nerve cells, or neurons, are the basic unit of the nervous system.

Control and Coordination (cont.) Information enters the nervous system through neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Most of the information then is sent to the central nervous system for processing. After the central nervous system processes information, it signals the peripheral nervous system to respond.

Control and Coordination (cont.) The body carries out both voluntary and involuntary functions that depend on the nervous system. Automatic movements in response to a signal are called reflexes.

5 Main Parts of the Brain for the Nervous System cerebrum (say: suh-REE-brum) cerebellum (say: sair-uh-BELL-um) brain stem pituitary (say: puh-TOO-uh-ter-ee) gland hypothalamus (say: hy-po-THAL-uh-mus

Cerebrum The biggest part of the brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls your voluntary muscles — the ones that move when you want them to.

Cerebellum The cerebellum is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It controls balance, movement, and coordination (how your muscles work together).

Part of the brain stem's job is to control your involuntary muscles — the ones that work automatically, without you even thinking about it. Brain Stem Another brain part that's small but mighty is the brain stem. The brain stem sits beneath the cerebrum and in front of the cerebellum. It connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord, which runs down your neck and back. The brain stem is in charge of all the functions your body needs to stay alive, like breathing air, digesting food, and circulating blood.

Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is very small — only about the size of a pea! Its job is to produce and release hormones into your body.

Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is like your brain's inner thermostat The hypothalamus knows what temperature your body should be (about 98.6°F or 37°C). If your body is too hot, the hypothalamus tells it to sweat. If you're too cold, the hypothalamus gets you shivering

Control and Coordination (cont.) Humans detect their external environment with five senses—vision, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.

Control and Coordination (cont.) Each of the five senses has specific neurons that receive signals from the environment. Information detected by the senses is sent to the spinal cord and then to the brain for processing and a response.