Ancient Greece

Many of today’s buildings …

got their start in Ancient Greece.

Early Traders (Mediterranean)

Resources Traded (Greece)

Geography

Geography

Geography

Geography

Groups Of The Early Aegean Minoans (2050 - 1470 BC) lived on the island of Crete Mycenaeans (2000 - 1100 BC) hilltop fortresses on mainland traded w/ Minoans (also said to have conquered them) Dorians (1100 – 750 BC) considered a dark age Ionians (1000 – 600s BC) western Asia Minor (conquered by Lydia) Classic Greeks (700s – 336 BC) called Hellenic after original people of Greece

Greek City-states Polis Greek city-state; included a city and the surrounding villages, fields & orchards Acropolis Fortified hill at the center of the city; the temple of the local deity stood atop Colony By 700 BC, city-states sent out people to establish colonies on the Mediterranean coast because the polis could not produce enough grain to support the growing population Metropolis Parent city of the Greek colonies

Sparta Descendants of the Dorian Located on Peloponnesos Instead of founding colonies, conquered neighbors & enslaved Life revolved around army Men = soldiers Women = mothers of soldiers (& enjoyed more liberties than elsewhere) Gov’t = 2 kings, Assembly led by 5 (elected) & Council of Elders

Athens Descendants of the Mycenaeans Located on Attica By 507 BC – Gov’t = all free, Athenian-born men could participate in Assembly Draco’s code of laws 621 BC (Draconian) Solon – encouraged cash crops Cleisthenes – all citizens in Assembly & juries Boys were schooled to ensure participation in gov’t

Sparta Athens

Persian Wars 546 BC – Persian armies (led by Cyrus II) conquered Ionia 499 BC – Ionians revolted (but Darius I of Persia put down revolt & decided to punish Greece further) 490 BC – Battle at Marathon – Athenians defeat the Persians in surprise attack 480 BC – Battle at Thermopylae – Spartans w/ Leonidas led the defense, but didn’t defeat Persians until Athenian general Themistocles lured the Persian fleet into the strait of Salamis 479 BC – Persians retreat Persian Wars

Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 BC) Delian League – alliance of the Greek city-states led by Athens (but not Sparta) Pericles (Athenian general) – used Delian League funds to transform the anti-Persian defense into an Athenian empire (& built Parthenon) → Anti-Athenian alliance led by Sparta → Sparta made a deal w/ Persia ($ to build a navy for the return of Ionia) 404 BC – Athens surrenders

Greek alphabet

Critical Thinking Questions: How does the Parthenon reflect the values of Ancient Greece? Discuss the contributions of Ancient Greece to history (include areas – gov’t, art/lit., etc.). How did Greece’s geography affect its development? Evaluate the impact of Pericles on history. How did Greek city-states maintain order? Discuss the role of belief systems in Greece. Discuss the role of trade in Greece.