“2nd Industrial Revolution & Age of Imperialism” 1892 1912 1920 Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation U.S. involvement in Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, Latin America, etc. “Progressive Reform Era” 1890s 1901 1917 1920s ** How do we address problems arising from … industrialization (big business, labor strife) urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption) immigration (ethnic diversity) inequality & social injustice (women & racism)

Why are these imperialistic? Define Imperialism? Why are these imperialistic? European actions in Africa in 1800’s? U.S. involvement in Japan in 1853? U.S. involvement in Hawaii? Spanish-American War making U.S. imperialistic? U.S. and European actions in China? U.S. actions in Latin America?

Imperialism The economic and political domination of a stronger nation or people over a weaker one

- Berlin Conference, 1884-85 - Divided up Africa into colonies - Committed to “free trade” - Committed to end slavery in Africa

Africa, 1912, based upon 1884-85 Conference

Causes of U.S. Imperialism [1] Markets for U.S. goods … [2] Establishing U.S. military bases … [3] Anglo-Saxonism / Extending U.S. cultural influence … *** Nothing altruistic about it!!!

“New Imperialism” A new style of empire building Not settling … Economic reasons & to “civilize”

How could United States involvement in Japan in 1853 be considered imperialism? Commodore Matthew Perry

United States Opens Japan’s Ports 1852, petitions for Japan to open forts for trade with the U.S. denied … July 8, 1853, four American warships enter Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay today), led by Perry and display firepower. Leads to treaty (1854) & agreement to trade

How could United States involvement in Hawaii be considered imperialism?

Annexation of Hawaii 1878, U.S. negotiates in American Samoa … ------------------------------------- 1790’s American merchants & missionaries arrive to Hawaii … 1875, U.S. establishes a naval base in Hawaii in order to … 1887, the Bayonet Constitution, which established … January 16, 1893 - the peaceful overthrow of the Queen Liluokalani … The Marines land …

Annexation of Hawaii President Grover Cleveland refused to approve annexation … Investigation and reinstatement … 1898, Newlands Resolution, establishing … Grover Cleveland William McKinley

How did the Spanish-American War contribute to the United States becoming an imperialist nation?

Causes of Spanish-American War Cuban Rebellion / “Cuban War of Independence” Seen as similar to “American Revolution” American investments in Cuba $50 million in investments Yellow Journalism Sensational news stories USS Maine (Feb. 15, 1898) Blamed on the Spanish

Consequences of the Spanish-American War 1 - U.S. takes possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines Guam Puerto Rico American Samoa

Consequences of the Spanish-American War 2 - Cuba has “pseudo” self-rule until 1934 with the change of the “Good Neighbor” Policy. Platt Amendment (1901) … 3 - U.S. adopts role of the “defender of democracy.” 4 - Theodore Roosevelt becomes a national hero.

Battle of Manila Bay, Philippines May 1, 1898 Spanish fleet defeated in a matter of hours; no U.S. killed sailors.

Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba July 1, 1898 Take the hills surrounding the Port of Santiago

Battle of Santiago, Cuba July 3, 1898 Spanish fleet leaves Santiago Harbor and is destroyed.

Annexing the Philippines – President William McKinley telling of how he came to the decision What are the reasons President William McKinley decides annex the Philippines, (based upon his prayer of November 21, 1899)? “I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight, and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed to God Almighty for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this way – I don’t know how it was, but it came. One, that we could not give the Philippines back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable. Two, that we could not turn them over to France or Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable. Three, that we could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government – and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was. And, four, that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift them and civilize and Christianize them …”

Philippine-American War, 1899 - 1902 * U.S. sent 126,000 American soldiers sent to the Philippines. * 4,300 American deaths * 50,000 to 200,000 Filipino deaths

How do we see imperialism in the actions of European nations and the U How do we see imperialism in the actions of European nations and the U.S. regarding China?

“Open Door Policy” - Before U.S. involvement, established leaseholds … - 1899, Secretary of State John Hay writes a letter … - “Spheres of Influence …”

How do we see imperialism in the actions of the United States regarding Latin America?

Assassination of President William McKinley, Sept. 6, 1901

Revolution in Columbia 1903, U.S. government offers to buy the canal zone A French company agent, named Phillippe Bunau-Varilla, organizes a Panamanian revolutionary force to revolt Nov., 3, 1903, with 10 U.S. warships off the coast of Panama, the Panamanians revolt