AP Human Geography Day 3 (8/29)

Starter Draw a map showing how to get from your house to school Then write directions of how you know to get from your house to school

Today’s Vocab Location Mental Mapping Cartographic Scale Projections Absolute Relative Mental Mapping Cartographic Scale Projections Distortions Reference Maps Political Physical Road Plat Locator Thematic Maps Cartograph Choropleth Dot Graduated Symbol Isoline

Location Absolute – where is it exactly? Relative – what is it by? Based off some system of measurement Latitude and Longitude Address like with Utah’s predictable grid system Where something is in relation to other things Can change over time as its surroundings changes

Mental Mapping A mental map is a person's representation of an area, based on what an individual knows about that place. (Contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located)

Map Scale – the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth Three ways Fraction/ratio 1/24,000 or 1:24,000 “small scale map” shows small amounts of detail, “large scale” shows large amounts of detail Written statement 1 inch equals 1 mile Bar scale

Map scale examples

Map scale examples Not about the size of the map, but the detail you can see in it Small Scale: Everything is small, not very detailed Large Scale: Zoomed in, can see much more detail What are the benefits of each?

With a partner – and without outside help (atlas, internet, etc.) Draw a map of the world Now place and identify these countries: Syria South Africa North Korea

Think-Pair-Share Introduce yourself to your neighbor and then discuss these 2 questions: How do maps influence our lives? Do maps deceive us? How?

Maps

Map Projections All maps create distortion Projection: Transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a map Globe most accurate, but not practical All maps create distortion Shape (stretched out/flattened) Distance (closer or farther) Relative size (smaller/bigger) Direction

Mercator Projection

Peters Projection

Robinson Projection

Peters Projection (Reversed) 

Polar Projections

Disadvantages (Distortions) Map Projections Projection Advantages Disadvantages (Distortions) MERCATOR (Navigation) Lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angles Directions are shown accurately Distorts size at poles Distance between lines of latitude and longitude appear constant PETERS (Spatial distributions related to area) General size of land masses is accurate Shapes are inaccurate, especially near the poles ROBINSON (General Use) No major distortion Oval appears more like a globe than rectangle Area, shape, and size are all slightly distorted

Vox Why All Maps Are Wrong

True Size of… True Size

Reference Maps – tell us where things are Physical – identifies physical features of an area Political – outlines human created boundaries

Thematic Maps - Tell us how human activities are distributed Cartogram – size of map is distorted to show something other than realistic size Choropleth – uses shading/coloring to indicate different values Dot – one dot represents a certain number of phenomena Graduated symbol – size of symbol proportionate to value of attribute Isoline – lines join all points that have the same value

Cartograms Shape is distorted to show emphasize a characteristic other than physical geography

Choropleth Uses shading or coloring to indicate different values

Dot Map One dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon

Graduated Symbol Map Size of the symbol is proportionate to value of attribute

Isoline Map Lines join all points that have the same value

Map Quiz!

What maps Types are these? How do you know?

What map is this? How do you know?

What map is this? How do you know?

What map is this? How do you know?

Answers 1. Cartograms (though they also are choropleths) 2. Graduated Symbol (on a Mercator Projection!) 3. Choropleth 4. Dot map