Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America?

LATIN AMERICA WHAT DO YOUY ALREADY KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA? Geography/climate Early history Colonial rule

GEOGRAPHY EARLY HISTORY Everything south of U.S. in western hemisphere Andes Mts. Amazon rainforest Barrier, regionalism Climate – mostly tropic EARLY HISTORY Pre-Columbian civilizations Mayas Aztecs Incas Complex societies COLONIAL RULE Spain, Portugal Conquistadors Treaty of Tordesillas Mercantilism Encomienda system Influence of Catholic church Rigid social class system Slave trade

SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

Aim: Why was Latin America ready for independence by the 1800s? DO NOW: Who were the conquistadors? What impact did they have on Latin America? What is mercantilism? Describe the encomienda system. What do you remember about the social class system in colonial Latin America?

LATIN AMERICA 1800S PARAGRAPH: CAUSE AND EFFECT How did the Enlightenment, American Revolution, and the French Revolution help to bring about movements for independence in Latin America?

WINNING INDEPENDENCE UNREST IN COLONIES Why? Enlightenment Glorious Revolution French Revolution American Revolution Unfair conditions (class system) Lack of representation in government

WINNING INDEPENDENCE Haiti (French colony) 1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture Haiti (French colony) 1804 1st independent in Latin America Black leader (slave) Self-educated Military leader

Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America? DO NOW: Identify 3 factors that made Latin American colonies “ripe” for independence. Which factor (contributing to Latin American independence) do you believe was most important? Explain. Why is Toussaint L’Ouverture considered to be an outstanding leader for independence? Why do you think many creoles in South America were afraid of Toussaint L’Ouverture?

WINNING INDEPENDENCE 1821 “George Washington of Latin America” SIMON BOLIVAR 1821 “George Washington of Latin America” Great Liberator Creole Venezuela Spain Gran Colombia Vision?

WINNING INDEPENDENCE 1816 Creole Argentina Spain Jose de San Martin 1816 Creole Argentina Spain Helped Bolivar and O’Higgins

WINNING INDEPENDENCE Creole priest Mexico Spain “El Grito de Delores” Miguel Hidalgo Creole priest Mexico Spain “El Grito de Delores” September 16, 1810 Reached out to poor Captured, executed

WINNING INDEPENDENCE Jose Morelos Mestizo priest Mexico Spain 4 year struggle captured and shot

Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America? SUMMARY: Identify three factors that helped to make Latin America ready for independence in the 1800s. Why were most of the independence leaders creole? Why was Toussaint L’Ouverture an inspirational leader? Why was Simon Bolivar called the “George Washington of Latin America” and the “Great Liberator”? Which leader for independence in Latin America do you believe made the greatest contribution to the region?

Aim: Which Latin American leader for independence was the most outstanding? GROUP ASSIGNMENT 2-3 members Persuasive essay Poster Assignment will be graded and count towards your test average. 3 part grade: essay, poster, panel discussion

Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? DO NOW: Copy HW Paragraph: Which leader for independence in Latin America do you believe was the most outstanding? Create a poster that illustrates why the individual you have selected is the most outstanding leader for independence in Latin America. This assignment will count towards your test/quiz average.

Aim: Which Latin American leader for independence was the most outstanding? Do Now: Report to groups/arrange room for “Panel Discussion” Take out/finish posters (you have 5 minutes) PANEL DISCUSSION IS TODAY!!

Mini-project Grading Criteria Each part of this assignment – the poster, the essay, and the panel discussion - will count equally. The poster will be evaluated based on the following criteria: Content Accuracy Creativity Neatness Overall impression The essay will be evaluated based on the following criteria: Well-developed response including an introduction, body paragraph, and a conclusion Content/accuracy Persuasiveness/creativity Panel discussion will be evaluated based on the following criteria: Ability to respond to questions Quality/accuracy of response “professional” demeanor (treat others with respect) Enthusiasm Persuasiveness Integration of panel members

Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? What type of governments were the newly independent nations in Latin America trying to establish? Why might it be difficult for Latin American nations to achieve stability after independence?

Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? OBSTACLES TO PROGRESS Wanted Republics Democratic governments modeled after U.S. So, what’s the problem? GEOGRAPHY SOCIAL-ECONOMIC INEQUITY LACK OF EXPERIENCE

ANDES MOUNTAINS

AMAZON RAINFOREST

Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? POWER STRUGGLES Caudillos Oligarchies Conservatives v. Liberals

CONSERVATIVES V. LIBERALS Gradual change Support from high ranking officials in Church, Military, and Wealthy Limit freedoms -speech -press LIBERALS Rapid change Limit power church Sell Church lands Public schools (not Church run) Defend liberties Support from low ranking officials Church, Military, and educated professionals

CONSERVATIVES V. LIBERALS How did Conservatives and Liberals view change in Latin America (1800s)? Which groups supported the Conservatives? Which groups supported the Liberals? Why did most Native Americans and Mestizos stay out of the struggle in ideology between conservatives and liberals?

Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? DO NOW: Take out notes from yesterday. Identify 3 obstacles Latin American nations faced in trying to establish stability in the 1800s. Why did so many Latin American nations (1800s) have governments ruled by military dictators (caudillos)?

ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE AND GROWTH Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)? ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE AND GROWTH Dependent on exports (raw materials and cash crops) and imported manufactured good Foreign investment Debt What kinds of cash crops are associated with Latin America?

CASH CROP RELATED EXPORTS

NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S SUMMARY: What do you think led Simon Bolivar to declare that “America is ungovernable”? The British colonies in North America had a history of electing legislatures to manage colonial affairs. Explain the advantage this might have given the United States over Latin America (at independence).

NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S SUMMARY: Explain why each of the following groups opposed change in Latin America: Oligarchies Roman Catholic Church military

NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S SUMMARY: Which problems do you think are the easiest for these new nations to overcome? Explain. Which problems do you think are the most difficult to solve? Explain. Which factor do you believe is the most responsible for the instability of the new nations in Latin America (1800s)? Explain.