The Role of NVSL as an OIE Reference LaboratorY IAV-Swine & IAV-Avian Sabrina Swenson, dvm ms phd Diagnostic virology laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services National veterinary services laboratories Sabrina.l.Swenson@aphis.usda.gov Ph. 515-337-7551 PAHO 10/2/17

OIE Provides Guidance for Reference Labs Terms of reference http://www.oie.int/our-scientific-expertise/reference- laboratories/introduction/ Develop, validate, disseminate test procedures Develop and distribute reference materials Provide diagnostic testing Carry out and/or coordinate scientific studies Provide scientific and technical training Collect, process, analyze, publish, and disseminate epi data Provide disease experts available for consultation

Dissemination of Information Websites https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease- information/avian-influenza-disease https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease- information/swine-disease-information/ct_siv_surveillance http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal-health/swine-health-surveillance Publications Quality assurance documents – SOPs NVSL.dvl.avian@aphis.usda.gov (avian) NVSL.dvl.bpa@aphis.usda.gov (bovine, porcine, aquaculture)

Develop and Distribute Reference Materials Refer to NVSL website www.aphis.usda.gov/nvsl Reagents and Proficiency Tests Diagnostic reagents are produced by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories as needed when a commercial source of reagent is not available or when commercial sources are not fulfilling diagnostic needs. This section contains a list of available reagents, including proficiency tests, and instructions for ordering

Provide Diagnostic Testing Refer to website Requirements for international testing Letter from the Ministry of Agriculture or equivalent authority Need permission to test due to OIE reporting obligations Permit to import samples (NVSL provides) Diagnostic Testing Authorized individuals may submit specimens to the NVSL facilities for diagnostic testing. This section describes the types of tests performed at the NVSL and provides instructions for submitting samples. Includes statement regarding ownership of specimens. NVSL Submission Forms This section contains downloadable laboratory-related forms

Provide Scientific and Technical Training Refer to website Diagnostic Training The NVSL provides a variety of courses on diagnostic testing, specimen collection, and disease recognition. This section describes courses and instructions to register for a course. Customized training At NVSL Not listed in training catalog Alternatives Twinning through OIE Unique on-site training that is not managed through OIE

Disease Experts for Consultation Use general e-mails depending on the species NVSL.dvl.avian@aphis.usda.gov NVSL.dvl.bpa@aphis.usda.gov Participate as needed in meetings, conference calls, webinars, etc. OFFLU (http://www.offlu.net/) OIE (http://www.oie.int/) WHO (http://www.who.int/en/)

IAV-S Surveillance Voluntary participation Endemic disease in the U.S. Voluntary participation NVSL is primary lab for zoonotic investigations involving swine Results communicated to Agriculture and Public Health Authorities Sharing of sequence and viruses between USDA and CDC

IAV-S Surveillance Initial testing is through National Animal Health Laboratory Network labs Matrix PCR and subtyping PCR Virus isolation Sequence H, N and deposit sequence in public domain (GenBank) Report results to NVSL Provide viruses to NVSL for incorporation into repository NVSL conducts WGS on selected viruses

Identification of suspect variant influenza A virus1 with or without suspected swine contact State Public Health Dept. provides specimen to CDC ID for confirmation CDC Influenza Division (CDC ID) CDC ID CDC lab confirms variant infection VS CDC Liaison & Commodity Program Lead (CPL) CPL2 - Industry Partners (AASV &NPB) - FSIS (as needed) State Animal Health *AD State of origin State/Local PH Partners Conclusion of investigation3 CDC Lab Result Pos Neg Email notification to APHIS-VS Partners: TO: Commodity Program Lead (CPL), NVSL Director, NVSL DVL Director , NVSL Bovine, Porcine and Aquaculture DVL Head, NAHLN Coordinator, VS Epi Chief, NPIC, CVB rep, ARS- NADC, AD State of Origin*, District swine contact (DSC), and OHCC. CC: VS DA Chief of Staff, VS SPRS Chief of Staff, LPA Director, STAS Scientific Advisor, NAHLN Associate Coordinators, VS ADAs, Swine Commodity Director, CEAH Director, CEAH RI, RA and SDA Directors.

IAV-A Surveillance Wild bird surveillance NVSL does confirmatory testing Managed avian species surveillance Healthy bird surveillance Multiple lab options – NAHLN, NPIP Reactor samples forwarded to NVSL for confirmation

Sick bird investigations Testing may be done at NAHLN lab with State and Federal agreement Duplicate samples to NAHLN lab and NVSL NAHLN lab does matrix PCR and subtyping PCR Lab reports results to NVSL NVSL testing Confirm PCR results Sequencing – leverage NAHLN results Virus isolation Maintain repository of isolates

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