Campaign Finance 527, PAC, SuperPAC ads fec

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Campaign Finance 527, PAC, SuperPAC ads http://www. fec Objective: To better understand campaign finance and its influence on political campaigns November 15, 2017 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/campaign-finance/

I. Federal Election Campaign Acts, 1971-1974 Established FEC-regulate elections Candidates-disclose?? Must disclose contributions $ expenditures Pres. candidates-receive fed. Subsidies (tax check-offs) Accept fed. Money=spending limitations… $84 million in 2008 general election (McCain excepted/Obama did not – first major candidate to not accept) Must raise at least $5,000 in 20 states

II. Effects of Buckley v. Valeo (1976) I. FECA 1971, 1974… Contribution limitations: $1000 per candidate, per election PACs: $5000 per candidate, per election, no overall cap II. Effects of Buckley v. Valeo (1976) Court upheld limits on campaign contributions Courts struck down limits on the amount individuals could contribute to their own campaigns(1st amendment-free spend) Perot-$60 million 1992 Romney-$44 million 2008

III. Campaign Reform Act, 2002 (McCain-Feingold Bill/BRCA) Regulates soft money to NATIONAL political parties (Soft $=???) Soft Money =undisclosed, unlimited donations to parties for party building activities (Now all money to the parties is regulated and capped by the FEC) Limits soft $ to STATE political parties-$10,000 (restricted to): Voter registration, get out the vote drives Doubles “hard money” to $2000 (goes up with inflation-$2700 in 2015/16) Hard Money =disclosed, limited donations to candidates No change on PAC limits ($5,000)

IV. Citizens United v. FEC, 2010 BRCAbanned corps/unions from “electioneering communications” 60 days of gen. election and 30 days of primary (unions/corps.) SCOTUS ruled: Allowed corps/unions to air ads explicitly supporting or opposing a federal candidate (ISSUE ADVOCACY ADS WERE BANNED FROM DOING THIS PRIOR) Eliminated the bans on electioneering communications Kept rule that bans corps/unions from donating directly to candidates Can say vote for or against THEREFORE…SUPERPACS http://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/video/stephen-colberts-super-pac-ad-mitt-ripper-15371195

V. Analysis No subsidies for congressional campaigns incumbency advantage Minor parties5% of pop. Vote in previous election in order to receive subsidies Parties are weakened even moreCandidate centered campaign vs. party centered campaign ($ goes to candidate) Growth of PACs and candidate dependency Cost of campaigning has risen (MEDIA – 250,000 to over 3 million for Super Bowl) More time spent fundraising

V. Analysis No limitations on independent expenditures “527s”engage in political activities, receive unlimited contributions, spent on voter mobilization and issue advocacy ads, no money to candidate (CANNOT SAY VOTE FOR OR AGAINST) They also may not expressly advocate for the election or defeat of a specific federal candidate, although 527s are quite free to portray federal candidates in such a way that there is little doubt as to the message. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phqOuEhg9yE PACSengage in political activities, contributions to candidates are limited, can be given to candidate (Realtors PAC), report to FEC (CAN SAY VOTE FOR OR AGAINST) SUPERPACSengage in political activities, contributions cannot go to a candidate, contributions from individuals are unlimited, report to FEC, (CAN SAY VOTE FOR OR AGAINST) http://www.alternet.org/story/142757/(video)_stephen_colbert%3A_let_freedom_ka-ching!