Eukaryotic (“true nucleus”) cells contain organelles

Organelles: Are membrane bound Are sub-cellular structures Perform a specific function for the cell

Types of Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells Protist Cells Fungi Cells

Major Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell: Cell Membrane: Surrounds the cell Controls movement into and out of cell Made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS with imbedded proteins

Mitochondria Found in the cytoplasm Transfer the energy in glucose to ATP (cellular respiration)

Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis. Are free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to ER. Made of protein and RNA.

Endomembrane organelles Organelles that work together to modify, process and ship molecules around and out of the cell ER  Golgi  Vesicles

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Attached to nucleus Set of channels that aids in movement of molecules inside the cell.

Rough ER Stacked, flattened sacs with many ribosomes attached. Forms a link between the nuclear envelope and the ribosomes.

Smooth ER No ribosomes Area from which vesicles carrying proteins and lipids are budded.

Golgi apparatus Stacks of membranous sacs that modify, sort and ship proteins (such as enzymes and hormones).

Golgi apparatus Material received from the rough ER are processed and packaged in vesicles which will either stay in the cell or will be secreted to the outside of the cell.

Golgi apparatus Cells that secrete hormones (i.e. pancreas) have extensive Golgi development

See animations 13.2 and 13.3 Vesicles Transport material between organelles and to and from the cell membrane

Completed protein is packaged into vesicles. Vesicle merges with the plasma membrane and the protein is released via exocytosis. Completed protein is packaged into vesicles. Vesicle fuses with the Golgi and protein is modified as it passes through. Protein is packaged into vesicles and travels to the Golgi. Protein is synthesized on ribosomes and transported in channels of the ER.

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synthesis.swf

Nucleus: Controls the functions of the cell Includes the following: Nuclear Envelope: Controls movement into and out of the nucleus Nuclear Pore: holes where movement takes place

Nucleus Nucleolus – site of ribosome synthesis Chromatin – DNA and associated proteins (some serve as enzymes, some are support). Condenses into chromosomes before cell division.

Nucleus – can you name each part? ??? ??? ??? ???

Nucleus – can you name each part?

Vacuole Stores food or water. Can occupy up to 90% of the plant cell interior

Lysosomes Contain powerful enzymes that digest worn out cell parts or foreign particles.

Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis Converts sunlight energy to form glucose

Cytoskeleton: Network of protein fibers that: supports the shape of the cell anchors organelles Serves as a “track” for organelles to move on. Crisscrosses the cytoplasm See animations 16.1-16.5

Cilia and Flagella Used for movement of the cell

Cell wall A structure outside the plasma membrane that: Made of: Maintains cell shape Prevents excessive water uptake holds the whole plant up against the force of gravity Made of: Cellulose in plants Chitin in fungi

Extra Cellular (“outside the cell”) Components Plants have the cell wall (technically outside the cell) Animals secrete proteins that form an extracellular matrix This functions in support, adhesion and movement.

Cytoskeleton ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Figure: 05.4 Title: A generalized plant cell Caption: A generalized plant cell. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???

ANIMAL CELL ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Figure: 05.3 Title: A generalized animal cell Caption: A generalized animal cell. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???

The END!! http://aimediaserver.com/studiodaily/harvard/harvard.swf