Chapter 9 Notes Westward Migration & The Mexican American War

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?

Expansionists a person who favored territorial growth

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Manifest Destiny - belief that God wanted the U.S. to own all of North America

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Independence of Mexico (1821) – had a weak government and economy after breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted New Mexico, Texas, & California

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? God – some moved to found Indian missions (an establishment to carry on religious work); Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Resources – horses, furs, silver, mules, gold

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Adventure

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) – bound the Indians to the territories away from major westward trails; mostly ignored

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Isolation – Brigham Young led the Mormons west to Utah in 1847 to escape the hostilities the group had faced in Illinois

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Overland Trails – established by merchants and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers to travel West; example: Oregon Trail – began in Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific

EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? New Farms – many chose to travel West to gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned

Missouri Compromise (1820) Henry Clay Missouri wanted to be a slave state, but this would throw off the slave state (11), free state (11) balance Solution: Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state Established 36° 30’ line for the Louisiana Territory No slavery north of the line

Compromise Map Activity The Missouri Compromise 1820 (page 335) Locate the states and territories outlined on your map. Label them Use one color to shade the FREE states in 1820. Use another color to shade the SLAVE states in 1820. Draw a bold line to show the Missouri Compromise line. Use the same color from # 2 to shade the TERRITORIES where slavery was PROHIBITED. Use the same color from # 3 to shade the TERRITORIES were slavery was ALLOWED. Create a key in the blank box.

Texas & the Mexican-American War

Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 305 - 307 Complete the following parts of your timeline: 1821 – Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into Texas (Describe the tensions) 1834 – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power in Mexico (What were his actions? How did Americans respond?) 1836 (Mar.) – The Alamo (What happened? How did Americans react?) 1836 (Apr.) – Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto (What happened? Who won? What was Santa Anna forced to do?)

Lone Star Republic Texas declared independence from Mexico 1836-1846 1st President: Sam Houston

Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Americans Debate Expansion” pgs 307 - 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: 1836(-1845) – Debate rages in Congress 1844 – Presidential Election Read “The Mexican-American War” (stop at “U.S. Forces Sweep to Victory”) page 308 1845 (Dec.) – Congress votes to annex Texas 1846 (May) – President Polk provokes the war?

The Mexican-American War (The Highlights) United States won every major battle Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont seized control of California Winfield Scott captured Mexico City American victory after only 1½ years

Why the U.S. won the Mexican-American War U.S. Advantages: larger nation wealthier more populous industry – arms & ammunition larger & better navy and army Skilled officers Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb. 1848 Terms: Americans – leave Mexico City & pay $15 million Mexico – gave up New Mexico & California Rio Grade was set at the southern boundary of Texas

Gadsden Purchase 1853 U.S. bought land from Mexico in southern Arizona & New Mexico

Wilmot Proviso proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines supported by northern Democrats & Whigs opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

California Gold Rush 1848 gold found east of Sacramento, CA 80,000 people (known as forty-niners) moved to CA by land trails or by ship California applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state - threatened to break the free (15) / slave (15) state balance