I. The Metric System A. Conversions 1. Memory tips… a. k h d m d c m b. km m cm mm 2. When converting to a smaller unit… a. move to the right and multiply, OR b. move decimal to the right c. 20 km m

3. When converting to a larger unit… a. move to the left and divide, OR b. move the decimal to the left c. 20 m km 4. Practice Problems! B. Length & the Metric Ruler *See “Reading a Metric Ruler” worksheet

a. Measures the force of gravity b. Can change 2. Mass C. Weight vs. Mass 1. Weight a. Measures the force of gravity b. Can change 2. Mass a. The amount of atoms in an object b. Does NOT change with gravity 3. Find the Mass of a solid using a Triple Beam Balance Link

D. Volume 1. Definition – the amount of space an object takes up 2. Liquid Volume a. Pour liquids into a beaker, graduated cylinder etc. (like our cups, gallons) b. Standard Unit = Liter

c. Surface tension causes a liquid to curve when put into a cylinder d. curve is called the meniscus. e. read the liquid level at the bottom of the meniscus (curve). f. Always read a graduated cylinder from eye level!!

You can clearly see the darker area of liquid, this is the meniscus. Remember to read the level of liquid in a graduated cylinder at the bottom of the meniscus.

3. Solid Volume a. Formula is length * width * height or L * W * H b. Units are cm3 (cubic centimeters, or cc) 4. Conversions a. 1 ml = 1 cc b. 5 ml = 1 teaspoon

E. Density 1. Definition : a measure of the amount of matter packed into a given volume 2. Formula… Density = mass divided by volume D = M V 3. Measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml) OR grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) 4. Density of water is 1 g / ml a. Water is the basic reference for everything b. If object’s density is less than the fluid it is going into, object will float c. Density greater than the fluid? Object will sink!

5. Problem solving a. Write formula b. Substitute numbers with units c. Answer with units Example – Oil has a mass of 10 g and a volume of 20 ml. What is the density of the oil?

F. Temperature 1. Standard Scale = Celsius (centigrade) = °C 2. Fahrenheit = °F (scale we use!) 3. Scientific scale = Kelvin = K° a. Used to measure VERY cold temperatures! b. 0 K° = - 459° F (absolute zero) 4. Boiling and Freezing Points Scale Freezing Boiling Body Temp. 0 100 37 °C °F K° 32 212 98.6 273 373 310

G. Equipment 1. Beaker 2. Graduated Cylinder (graduated = numbers on the side, scaled) 3. Test Tube 4. Test Tube holder 5. Test Tube rack 6. Erhlenmeyer Flask 7. Mortar 8. Pestle 9. Crucible 10. Petrie Dish 11. Tongs 12. Forceps 13. Probe 14. Watch Glass 15. Stirring Rod