Chapter 2- Cardiac Emergencies and CPR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixlnbemqbmQ Chapter 2- Cardiac Emergencies and CPR

Video – Signs of Cardiac Arrest (4:28) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/b1.html

Introduction 70 Million Americans suffer from a form of cardiovascular disease. 1 million deaths each year ½ result in heart attacks Death caused by heart attacks has dropped 30% Stroke related deaths have dropped 50% last 20 years.. Why?? Changes in smoking, eating right and getting regular exercise have resulted in a 30% reduction in deaths from heart attacks

The Heart Beats more than 3 billion times in a average lifetime Is the size of your fist Located between the lungs and the middle of the chest

Signals of a Heart Attack Major Signal – pain or discomfort in the chest Indigestion, muscle spasms – difficult to tell Pressure or tightness, aching Pain in the center of the chest – may spread to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw or back Pain is constant – more than 10 minutes – NEED CARE

Signals of A Heart Attack Difficulty Breathing Noisy Short of breath Breathing faster than normal Victims Skin may be pale or blue (especially around the face Face damp with sweat (some sweat heavy) Change in pulse rate May be faster or slower than normal May be irregular

In case of a Heart Attack/Cardiac Arrest Most people die within 2 hours after first signs appear Many could have been saved with a quick response Angina Pectoris – medical term for chest pain -Chest pain or pressure Happens when exercising or emotionally upset, the heart does not get enough oxygen -usually have medication to control this

Care for a Heart Attack Recognize the signals Convince victim to stop activity and rest Help the victim to rest comfortably Try to obtain information about the victims condition Comfort the victim Call emergency # Assist with medication if prescribed Monitor victims condition BE PREPARED TO GIVE CPR

When the Heart Stops Beating Common causes of cardiac arrest: Heart disease Drowning Choking Certain drugs

Main Signal of Cardiac Arrest The absence of a pulse Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating or beats too poorly to circulate blood properly Cardiac arrest is life threatening

Rescue Breathing Supplies oxygen Rescue breathing along with chest compressions take over for the lungs and the heart (CPR)

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Provides only 1/3 the normal blood flow to the brain Keeps the brain supplied with oxygen until the victim can get medical care

Special Care for Cardiac Arrest Defibrillator – sends electronic shock through the chest Shocks assist heart in starting to beat properly again

Skill Sheet (GIVE CPR-ADULT (p. 34-36) Position the body correctly by kneeling beside the person’s upper chest Find the hand position on the breastbone Position the shoulder over hands. Compress chest 30 compressions Open the airway and give 2 slow breaths Do 3 more sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths Recheck pulse If NO pulse!!! 6. Continue sets of compressions and breaths.

Video CPR – Adult or Child (7:46) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/b2.html CPR – Infant (6:51) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/b4.html

Give CPR – CHILD/INFANT p. 38-40 CPR for children Video

When to Stop CPR If another trained person takes over CPR for you If EMS personnel arrive and take over for the victim IF you are exhausted and unable to care for the victim If the scene becomes unsafe

Preventing Heart Disease Heart disease is the leading cause of death for adults in the U.S Deposits of cholesterol (fatty substance made by the body and present in certain foods build up on the inner walls of the arteries. Arteries gradually narrow – less oxygen flows to the hear.

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Smoking History heart disease in the family Diet Being overweight Exercise High Blood Pressure

Smoking Twice the change of having a heart attack 2-4 times the chance for cardiac arrest 2nd hand smoke may be as dangerous as smoking

Weight Obesity is defined as being 20% over your ideal weight Weight loss combine with exercise helps Contributes to: Heart disease, high blood pressure, gall bladder disease Deterioration of ligaments and joints

Diet Avoid diets high in fat and cholesterol Diets high in fat decrease blood flow Moderations is the key Substitute fruits and vegetables

Exercise Build up cardiovascular fitness, exercise the heart 3 times a week for 20-30 minutes Continuous and vigorous to maintain target heart rate

Blood Pressure Can be controlled by losing weight and changing your diet Medication can control it Regular Check-ups

General Rule Burn more calories than you take in will = Weight loss Find BMR Base Metabolic Rate

Living Wills http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8GQMiXVa7Q

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