President JAMES MADISON The War of 1812 President JAMES MADISON

Write these in your notes! OBJECTIVES: SWBAT Cite 3 reasons Americans had Anti-British Feelings. Define War-Hawk and name 2 War-Hawks

Presidential Election of 1808

James Madison Becomes President

The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Replaced the Embargo Act. Forbade trade with Britain and France. Remained U. S. policy until 1812. Unexpected Consequences: N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. Madison, like Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

By 1811, Americans had a lot of bad feelings towards Britain. Why? 1.IMPRESSMENT- Britain was taking sailors, not just ships 2. Britain still occupied some forts in the Ohio Valley. 3. In the WEST-Britain was stirring up the Indians against Americans – supplying weapons (Tecumseh) 4. SOUTHERNERS were hurt by British Trade Restrictions. “War Hawks” were people in Congress who really wanted to go to war … led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun.

“War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

. British Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 General William Henry Harrison  governor of the Indiana Territory. Invited Native Indian chiefs to Ft. Wayne, IN to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election  “Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!”]

Presidential Election of 1812

I’m the First President to ask for a Declaration of War! “Mr. Madison’s War!” I’m the First President to ask for a Declaration of War!

American Problems The US was unprepared militarily: Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships. Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Financially unprepared: Flood of paper $. Revenue from import tariffs declined. Regional disagreements.

KEY BATTLES… W.H. Harrison at Tipacanoe The British attacked Washington DC, set fire to the Capitol and the White House! Dolly Madison was able to save a portrait of George Washington Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner) Must-know battle: New Orleans – Jackson becomes a hero Occurs after the war ends

Hartford Convention: NE Federalists had many grievances Wanted to add an amendment, increase requirement to declare war Some urged secession This drastically hurt the Federalists since the country was experiencing a sense of NATIONALISM!!!!

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

RESULTS… There was no winner really…it was a tie. No land changes hands…both sides kept what they had from before the war. The US became a stronger nation European nation treated the US with more respect b/c Americans proved that they would fight if they were threatened. Nationalism! Americans felt pride in their country. Economy grew strong…war built up manufacturing b/c of the embargo…they had to make everything themselves! Canada stayed mad at us for trying to take it over. The United States was left with war debt…not very big though.

EXIT Ticket Why did American have bad feelings toward Britain in 1811? How did the War of 1812 Affect the United States?