Turn in Tide Graphs! Monday November 13th Objective: I will understand the impact of tides and waves. Agenda: Do we Really Need the Moon Video Questions Homework: None

Pg. 62 RTW: How do tides affect organisms? Tuesday November 14th Pg. 62 RTW: How do tides affect organisms? Objective: I will understand the impact of tides and waves. Agenda: Do we Really Need the Moon Video essay response Homework: None

Pg. 62 RTW List as many types of waves you can think of. Wednesday, November 15th List as many types of waves you can think of. What do waves transfer? In this picture, what is happening to the gravitational potential energy of the drop? Notes: These questions should be used as a warm-up. Give students a few minutes to consider (or write down the answers) these questions, then a minute to discuss with a partner, and finally discuss with the class (maybe have students present what their partner thought). Correct answers are on the next slide. The image of the water drop will help reinforce previously taught lessons on gravitational potential energy. Credits: San Diego Unified School District Physics 1,2 Core Laboratory Activity - Lab 17: Waves

What are Waves? Sound waves, visible light waves, radio waves, microwaves, water waves, sine waves, cosine waves, stadium waves, earthquake waves, waves on a string, slinky waves  - ALL types of Waves! Waves transfer ENERGY!! Gravitational potential energy of a water drop turns into kinetic energy, which transfers energy in the form of a WAVE! Notes: This slide answers the questions to the warm-up. Students may come up with other examples of waves. The next slide describes some basic terms associated with waves.

Wednesday, November 15th Objective: I will learn about the different parts of a wave and how energy is transferred through different mediums. Agenda: Wave Notes pg. 67 Homework: Study for Tides & Wave Test (11/21)

Waves and Energy AUTHORS: Brianne Moskovitz – Scripps Institution of Oceanography WHY: We encounter waves every second, because waves carry energy. Whether its light waves to see, sound waves to hear, or ocean waves to surf, an understanding about waves leads to a greater understanding about energy. SUMMARY: This presentation will discuss the types of waves we encounter, and describe the anatomy of a wave, distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves, and provide a few key equations to solve wave equations. PICTURE/GRAPHICS CREDITS: n/a WEBSITES USED IN THIS PRESENTATION: n/a ADDITIONAL READING: any basic physics book covers waves and energy. CONTEXT FOR USE: High School physics or marine science. This presentation should be given before Waves_2 (Ocean Waves) and Waves_3 (Ocean Acoustics). MISCONCEPTIONS: Waves carry objects from one place to another. EVALUATION TIPS: n/a TEACHING NOTES: This introduction to waves will prepare the students for learning about Ocean Waves and Acoustic Waves.

Anatomy of a Wave A wave is the transmission of energy through matter. Key word is “through.” When energy moves through matter as a wave, matter moves, but … - overall doesn’t shift forward or backward. - It transmits the energy to adjacent matter, allowing the energy to continue.

Anatomy of a Wave Does the water in a wave move? Nope! The energy is transferred. The water molecules only move in small circles.

Anatomy of a Wave

Anatomy of a Wave Crest= highest point above average water level Trough= lowest point below average water level Height= vertical measurement from trough to crest Wavelength= horizontal distance between the peaks of two waves.

Anatomy of a Wave CREST AMPLITUDE WAVELENGTH TROUGH Notes: This slide describes the anatomy of the wave as key terms. Students should copy down this image and label it in their notes. CREST: The peak of a wave TROUGH: The lowest point of a wave AMPLITUDE: The height of the wave from the equilibrium to the crest (or trough). WAVELENGTH: The length of one full wave cycle. The distance from peak-to-peak, or trough-to-trough. WAVELENGTH TROUGH

Wave Characteristics Deepwater Waves Shallow-water Occur in water that is deeper than half their wavelength the bottom does not affect their orbital motion Shallow-water Occur in water that is shallower than half their wave-length The bottom creates drag that affects their orbital motion.

Wave Characteristics Three factors that affect maximum wave size: Wind Speed= faster than the wave Wind Duration= time wind blows Fetch= surface area over which the wind blows

Two Types of Waves Transverse The motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction in which a wave travels Stretched strings of musical instruments, electromagnetic waves, S-waves in earthquakes Longitudinal The particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction in which the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves in earthquakes Notes: This slide distinguishes between the two types of waves, and gives examples of each. Students should copy down this information in their notes. DEMONSTRATION: Presenter should have a student help demonstrate the motion of these waves using a slinky. One person should move their hand holding the slinky up and down to demonstrate a transverse wave. One person should grab a section of the slinky, and pull it toward himself and release it to demonstrate a longitudinal wave. Additional information: Longitudinal waves need a medium to travel through. In a vacuum, we are not able to hear anything (sound waves are longitudinal), but we are still able to see things (light waves are transverse). Image Credits: San Diego Unified School District Physics 1,2 Core Laboratory Activity - Lab 17: Waves

Key Terms Frequency – Number of cycles per unit of time (s), measured in Hz Frequency = 1/Period Period = 1/Frequency Hz – One vibration per second Wave Speed = wavelength * frequency ν=λf Wave speed depends on the medium through which the wave moves. Notes: This slide provides some key terms to help with solving wave problems. Frequency is a measure of the number of cycles per unit of time. Our radios understand the frequency of radio waves to tune into different stations. DEMONSTRATION: Use two different tuning forks. Hopefully they will have the frequency in Hz on the fork. Strike each fork, and listen to the sound it makes. Show students the tines of the fork as it is vibrating. If the fork says 440, the unit is in Hz, and that means the tines are vibrating 440 times a second. With a second fork, show that the sound is different depending on the frequency. A lower number will give a lower pitch. Higher number, a higher pitch. Ask if anyone in the class plays a musical instrument. If anyone plays an instrument in a symphony, they typically tune their instruments to 440 Hz (an A). Guitarists tighten and loosen strings to find the right key. This changes the frequency of the string. Symbols used: The final equation is spelled out in the line above it. The greek letter nu symbolizes wave speed, lambda symbolizes wavelength, and the italicized f is for frequency.

DiRT - Calculating Rate Distance = Rate * Time (D=RT) Rate = Distance / Time (R=D/T) Use the equation for rate when calculating wave speed. Notes: To calculate rate, students should remember DIRT – Distance equals rate times time. This equation will be used in the Slinky Activity. Students will measure the distance a wave travels and the time it takes for the wave to travel this distance. This calculates the wave speed or rate.

Finish from yesterday: Pg. 62 STAR What are the three things that affect the maximum wave size? What is the wave speed equation? What are the 2 types of waves?

Thursday, November 16th Objective: I will learn about the different parts of a wave and how energy is transferred through different mediums. Agenda: Wave Activity Homework: Study for Tides & Wave Test (11/21)

Pg. 68 Guiding Questions What kind of wave are we making? Transverse or Longitudinal What is happening to the energy when it reaches the other end of the rope? How can we find the rate at which the wave moves down the length of the rope? How would we measure the wave speed? V= wave length * frequency Rate= Distance/Time Would there be a difference between this rope and a thinner one? What kind of difference? Wave speed? Energy? Overall movement?

Friday, November 17th Objective: I will learn about the different parts of a wave and how energy is transferred through different mediums. Agenda: Study Guide Homework: Study for Tides & Wave Test (11/21)