Human Robot Interaction A Psychological Perspective Dr. Sandeep Nagar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering G D Goenka University 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Plan of my talk: Introduction to HRI Importance Three scenarios Lovotics Conclusion 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Introduction to HRI Humans and robots sharing a workspace They must communicate They must co-operate They must manage available resources most efficiently Robots are more than a machine and a servant Robots are agents performing tasks just like humans They have needs and responsibilities Explicit Categorization of their role and responsibility 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Importance of HRI Efficiency of work environment Harmony between two species Best robot design strategies Best adaption strategies in multiple roles and multiple scenarios Awareness of unseen issues Xenophobia Humans and robots learn to live cohesively 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Three Scenarios for HRI Programming (coding) and training (machine learning and artificial intelligence) robots to understand and cooperate with human needs. Psychological training of humans to understand and cooperate with robot as a resource and companion. Training both humans (psychological) and robots (computational) to work in cohesion based on a common understanding to implement a task. 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Training Robots Asimov’s three laws state that: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second laws 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Problems with Asimov’s laws Racism/Speciesism Trust deficit Ambiguity Inspired by Frankenstein Complex fear of man encroaching God’s realm and being unable to control the things he/she creates. Fear of AI (Artificial Intelligence) Doomsday Utilitarian morality robot should fulfill its utilitarian obligation(s) while maintaining minimum moral standards (as defined by master) Our desire to imagine everything as Human-like 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Controlling Robots possessing lethal force Human-in-loop Strict identification and confirmation routes to be hard coded A sequence of commands instead of one Final verification by human Intent sensing Technologically challenging Too many variables Functions not known Too complex to solve mathematically in short time Low-power high-performance computing 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Robot Ethics EURON robot-ethics roadmap Forgettable memories Taking fresh independent decisions Giving different levels of access Never giving root access to important codes and documentation Human-in-loop 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Human-like robot Uncanny Valley 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Training Humans Artificial life ≠ Human life Multi-functional and socially acceptable Effect of robots appearance: Differences Social, Cultural, Generation, Age, Psychological state Proxemics studies Humans empathize with small-sized mechanical looking robots Anthropomorphic scale Playful robots accepted by all age groups Facial features and dimensions are important Aesthetic Value along with multi-functionality 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Training both humans and robots Task oriented training Medical missions Outer Space activity Disaster management Search and rescue operations Hazardous environments Non-verbal communication is also important Training is focused for task Limited multi-functionality 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Teamwork Clear definition of roles and responsibilities Mutual respect and trust Inculcating empathy (Artificial emotions) Decision making Decentralized Hierarchical (Chain of command) Managing Peer pressure Partnership Comradeship Fast response to urgency 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Artificial emotions Human-like emotions Cognition Physiological Human emotions is baseline Cognitive, physiological, behavioral components Cognition Perception, interpretation, understanding and generating a conclusion Physiological Hormonal Behavioral Expressions and actions facial expressions, gestures, gait, body postures, movement of eyes Computationally challenging with present state-of-the-art robotics knowledge 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Lovotics Definition of love Aristotle’s definition for love: "Philia, a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean love of the mind. Philia entails a fondness and appreciation of the other. For the Greeks, the term Philia incorporated not just friendship, but also loyalties to family and polis-ones political community, job, or discipline" 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Lovotics Samani devised a questionnaire based design of robot small sized robot (because small size presents non-threatening appearance) Shaped like an egg (because egg shape evoke nurturing instincts) fitted with tactile, audio and video sensors. Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) based artificial intelligence architecture Probabilistic Love Assembly (PLA) is framed based on the psychology of love, Artificial Endocrine System (AES) is based on the physiology of love Active State Transition (AST) system is based on emotions. 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Questions posed by Lovotics! When artificial life is just similar to human life, will robots get equal social rights? When human and robot couple would like to raise child, what kind of conditions (if any) should be imposed? How will sex between humans and robots changed the social dynamics of human life? What will be the legal framework in which love-life and social-life between human and robot, can be framed? 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

Conclusions Expose our gaps of knowledge Limited literacy of engineers and psychologists in each others domains Must work in teams Technological challenges Low-cost low-power high-performance computing Software security and reliability Fast and efficient hardware Must open up for change! Its inevitable… 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

THANKYOU 3/3/2016 Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016