KIDNEY STONES

Types of Stones Calcium oxalate and phosphate: - Account for about 70% of stones. Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate: - 15-20% of stones - caused by urea-splitting bacteria Prote and some Staph

Uric acid: - 5-10% of stones - Predisposed with gout, leukemias Cystine: - Only 1-2% of stones - Caused by genetic defects in renal reabsorption of amino acids.

Diagnostic Tests - Urinalysis - IVP - Abdominal ultrasound - CT - KUB - Cystoscopy

Diagnosis IMAGING STUDIES CT Scan: Noncontrast CT scans are now the modality of choice : Advantages include 1)elimination of contrast 2)no need for bowel prep 3) can see noncalcified stones

CT Images of Stones

Diagnosis cont. Ultrasound Advantages include…. Useful if patient is pregnant or has contraindication to IVP When used with KUB can be as effective as IVP

Ultrasound of stone

Treatments - TREAT THE PAIN!!! - Lithotripsy - Ureteroscopy - Surgical removal - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy - Nutritional therapy

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