How the Earth was Made video vocabulary: Biosphere: Hydrosphere Atmosphere gases: Geosphere Evolution Erosion Weathering: Greenhouse effect Extinction.

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Presentation transcript:

How the Earth was Made video vocabulary: Biosphere: Hydrosphere Atmosphere gases: Geosphere Evolution Erosion Weathering: Greenhouse effect Extinction Algae; Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Pillow lava Pangaea Mantle plume Fossils Shale Photosynthesis; Coal: Striations:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PL3YNQK960Y Nebular hypothesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI Stephen Hawking's https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9D05ej8u-gU We are star stuff Neil DeGrasse Tyson

4.5 Billion years

What are the sources of heat energy from when the Earth first formed? Read Earth’s Heat on pages 73 and 74 in your textbook. Radioactive decay from elements heats up the rock in the mantle causing it to “rotate” creating convection currents Kinetic Energy from constant impacts (bombardment of meteorites) and Accretion Gravitational Contraction/Weight of overlying layers during Earth’s formation: Earth contracted into a smaller volume (became more dense) causing gravitational energy to convert to heat energy

James Hutton; Rock strata layers, tilted and uplifted

Geosphere BASALT

Split-up of Pangaea and Diamond mines

Hydrosphere All the water Lakes, rivers Oceans Glaciers (ice caps) Aquifers (groundwater) Atmosphere (clouds humidity)

Where did all this water come from? How did we end up being the “blue planet”?

Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1 Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1. arrived here in icy meteorites over millions of years of bombardment 2. erupted out of early volcanoes. (Native Water hypothesis)

Earth Atmosphere Gaseous envelope around earth Layered (page 366) Gaseous envelope around earth Layered Mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20%) About 10 miles (16 km) thick Purpose: 1. Protects us from Sun’s radiation 2. Regulates heat energy – climate 3. Breathing (oxygen)

Stromatolites: 3.5 bya: mounds in shallow sea beds that look like rock but are actually colonies of single-celled organisms that turn sunlight into food (they photosynthesize!) Oxygen starts to fill the ocean and then seeps out into the atmosphere-creating a more oxygen rich atmosphere over the next 2 billion years This oxygen rich environment is able to start supporting more diverse life Trilobites

Ozone

Biosphere All living things on the planet. The other 3 spheres made biosphere possible! Examples: everything from tiny ocean plankton to giant redwoods to humans. Humans are changing the other 3 spheres! (Anthropocene Epoch…??)