Introduction to Physical Science

A- Safety in the Lab Read all instruction first Section 1 A- Safety in the Lab 1- Performing the Lab Read all instruction first Follow teacher instructions Follow all safety and symbols Let the teacher know if equipment is broken or you break something Clean work area when finished

Section 2 What is Physical Science A-Science- Is a way of learning about the universe and it’s natural laws (Gravity) 1- Skills of scientist Observing Inferring Predicting

B- How Scientist Think: 1- Observing: using senses to gather information. (DATA) Two types: Qualitative = descriptions Quantitative= measurements (numbers, amount, height, mass, est.…)

2- Inferring: When you explain or interpret your observations. 3- Predicting: making a forecast of what will happen in the future. Based On: Past experience Evidence

C- Physical Science: Is the study of matter and energy, and the properties and relationships to each other. 1- Matter : is anything that has mass and takes up space. 2- Relationships: How they respond. 3- Properties: Characteristics

Scientific Inquiry/Method Section 3 Scientific Inquiry/Method A- Scientific Inquiry/Method: Logical method used by scientist used to solve a problem. 1- Posing Questions /Observation -Research

3- Design an Experiment to test hypothesis. 2- Form Hypothesis (educated guess or prediction) a possible answer to the question or problem. 3- Design an Experiment to test hypothesis. Controlled experiment consist of two set ups. Only one condition is tested at a time.

4-Variables are factors that are changed in an experiment. Two Types Manipulated/ Independent: variable that is changed. Responding/ Dependent : Gives you data.

5- Data : collected as you conduct experiment (recorded observations) Organized to collect and record observations. Quantitative use tables, charts, graphs, est.… Qualitative use notes, journals, or logs.

6-Draw a conclusion: does the data support the hypothesis. 7-Communicating: sharing of ideas and conclusions with others by writing or speaking.

Can be a picture, diagram, computer images, or mathematical equations. Section 4 A-Scientific Models: Used when scientist can not observe certain objects or processes. Can be a picture, diagram, computer images, or mathematical equations. B- Scientific Law: describes what scientist expect to happen every time under certain conditions. (3 Laws of Motion)

C- Scientific Theories: a well-tested explanation of observations or experimental results. Has to be large body of evidence to support. If evidence changes the theory can be changed. Example: Sun revolves around the Earth. We know today that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

What is Technology? A- Technology: is a system that includes goals, inputs, processes, outputs, and feed back. 1-Technology = away of changing the natural world to meet human needs or solve a problem. Engineer: uses technology and scientific knowledge to solve problems

2-Design Process Identify a Need Research the Problem Design a Solution Brainstorming= a group freely suggest creative solutions to the problem. Constraint= any factor that limits or restricts a design. Trade-off= one benefit is given up in order to obtain another.

Building a Prototype: a working model used to test a design Building a Prototype: a working model used to test a design. Can be full size or virtual/computer generated. Troubleshooting and Redesign: analyze design and fix any problems. Communicating the Solution: let the people know.