Year 9 – 10 GCSE Preparation Natural Hazards: Tectonics This booklet is to be completed over the Summer holidays to help prepare you for the new topic The Challenge of Natural Hazards. These tasks are designed to introduce you to the new topic but also to refresh knowledge which you gained in year 8. Need Help? The speech bubbles on each page contain a web link to help you with the tasks. You can also find lots of information to help you on the blog: www.thekingsschoolgeograph y.wordpress.com Then search for natural hazards Click on the Year 10 Revision Natural Hazards link A slide show will open. You can work through the slides by clicking on the arrows. Not all the slides will be relevant for your tasks you will have to find the ones which are most suitable for the task you are completing.

Tectonic Hazards Key Words Definition Examples  Tectonic hazard    LIC   HIC  Primary effect  Secondary effect  Immediate response  Long-term response Task 1: Complete the key word table with definitions and some examples using the information table below Haiti Nepal Earthquakes Volcanoes Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates A high income country A low income country Landslides, Disease, Food Shortages, Tsunamis, Fires due to ruptured gas mains New Zealand Japan The after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale The initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it The reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath Search and rescue begins. Help from other countries e.g. supplying water, medical support and tents Reconstruction of homes and infrastructure. Building earthquake proof buildings. Buildings collapse, death and injury, damage to infrastructure, loss of water/electricity supply

Task 2: Describe the distribution of tectonic hazards shown in the map below. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remember Trend Evidence Anomaly Why do plates move? Task 3: Use the diagram to help you explain why the plates move. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Need Help? https://handygeography.wordpress.com/gcse/the-restless-earth-revision-materials/plate-tectonics/

Task 4: Complete detailed annotated diagrams for each plate margin. Plate Margins Task 4: Complete detailed annotated diagrams for each plate margin. Destructive Constructive Conservative Use the labels to help you. These are a good starting point but you should also push yourself to add more detail using the blog or the link at the bottom of the page Plates move together Plates move apart Volcanoes Magma may contain water making it explosive Plates slide past each other. Magma is less explosive. One plate is slipping under another (subducting) Crust is being created Composite Volcanoes form Earthquakes Need Help? http://www.sln.org.uk/geography/schools/blythebridge/GCSERevisionPlatesTheory.htm Shield Volcanoes form Eruptions are violent. Eruptions are gentle Crust is being destroyed

Composite Volcano Task 5: Use the word box to fill in the gaps Volcano Types Need Help? http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Restless%20Earth/Volcanoes/Volcanoes.htm Composite Volcano Task 5: Use the word box to fill in the gaps Composite volcanoes are found on ___________________________. They have __________________________ and a __________________. They usually only have ___________________ to release lava. Lava builds up in a ______________________ underneath the volcano. The magma chamber can grow as more __________________ melts at the destructive plate margin. The lava is ______________________ (high silica) and so blocks up the main vent of the volcano, causing a ‘plug’ effect The pressure build up causes an _______________ which blows out ________________________. After the explosion the __________ runs down the sides of the volcano. Eruptions don’t happen very often, but are explosive e.g. Mt St Helens. Word Box Magma Chamber Lava Destructive plate margin Oceanic Crust Very steep sides Very thick Narrow base Ash, gas and lava 1 or 2 vents Explosion Task 6: Using the description above and the links provided draw a labelled cross – section of a composite volcano.

Shield Volcano Task 7: Use the word box to fill in the gaps Volcano Types Need Help? http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Restless%20Earth/Volcanoes/Volcanoes.htm Shield Volcano Task 7: Use the word box to fill in the gaps Shield volcanoes are found on ___________________________. They have __________________________ and are much ___________. They erupt ___________________ with lava flowing out through _____ ____________. The lava is ______________________ (low silica) with ______________. The lava spreads easily and cools to form the low sides of the volcano They are usually found on an ________________________ made up of other volcanoes and are made of solid lava with no layers. Eruptions are not ____________ but are ____________. They can also form at hot spots (volcanic activity in the _____________ of plates) creating new volcanic islands e.g. Mauna Loa, Hawaii Word Box Little ash Frequently Constructive plate margins Oceanic ridge Gently sloping sides Very runny Wider Violent many vents gentle middle Task 8: Using the description above and the links provided draw a labelled cross – section of a shield volcano.

Why do earthquakes happen? Earthquake Examples Task 9: Research the 2 earthquakes and make notes on the effects and responses. Nepal Earthquake 2015 Christchurch Earthquake 2011 Country Facts e.g. rich/poor, GNI, plate boundary, etc Effects Responses