Special Materials Management – Household Hazardous Waste Kenn Webb – ECOFLO September 20, 2017

Hazardous Waste in the Home Acids Reactions Fires & Explosions Gases

Safety never takes a holiday… Paul Blart, Mall Cop

Acids Failure to Review Contents and Follow Instructions may Lead to Injury Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Muriatic Acid (HCl) Acidic Drain Cleaners…more in Reactions…

Acids Take Care to Make Proper PPE Selection Masonry Cleaner with Diedrich Masonry Cleaner with HCl and HF Masonry Cleaner with HCl and HF

Reactions Failure to Properly Segregate may Lead to Combining Incompatible Materials Ammonia and Bleach Acids and Bases

Ammonia + Bleach Ammonia & Bleach are both caustic… they react when combined to form… The bleach decomposes to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with ammonia to form toxic chloramine fumes: First the hydrochloric acid is formed: NaOCl → NaOH + HOCl HOCl → HCl + O And then the ammonia and chlorine gas react to form chloramine, which is released as a vapor: NaOCl + 2HCl → Cl2 + NaCl + H2O 2NH3 + Cl2 → 2NH2Cl If ammonia is present in excess (which it may or may not be, depending on your mixture), toxic and potentially explosive liquid hydrazine may be formed. While impure hydrazine tends not to explode, it's still toxic, plus it can boil and spray hot toxic liquid. NH3 = ammonia HCl = hydrochloric acid NaOCl = sodium hypochlorite (bleach) Cl = chlorine Cl2 = chlorine gas NH2Cl = chloramine N2H4 = hydrazine NaCl = sodium chloride or salt H2O = water

Ammonia + Bleach NaOCl (bleach) → NaOH + HOCl HOCl → HCl + O NaOCl + 2HCl → Cl2 (chlorine gas) + NaCl + H2O 2NH3 + Cl2 → 2NH2Cl (chloramine) 2NH3 + NaOCl → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O The bleach decomposes to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with ammonia to form toxic chloramine fumes: First the hydrochloric acid is formed: NaOCl → NaOH + HOCl HOCl → HCl + O And then the ammonia and chlorine gas react to form chloramine, which is released as a vapor: NaOCl + 2HCl → Cl2 + NaCl + H2O 2NH3 + Cl2 → 2NH2Cl If ammonia is present in excess (which it may or may not be, depending on your mixture), toxic and potentially explosive liquid hydrazine may be formed. While impure hydrazine tends not to explode, it's still toxic, plus it can boil and spray hot toxic liquid. NH3 = ammonia HCl = hydrochloric acid NaOCl = sodium hypochlorite (bleach) Cl = chlorine Cl2 = chlorine gas NH2Cl = chloramine N2H4 = hydrazine NaCl = sodium chloride or salt H2O = water N2H4 = hydrazine

Reactions Retail stores also don’t understand incompatibility with alkaline (bleach) and acidic toilet bowl cleaner

Reactions

Reactions Which one is Caustic? Drain Cleaners Hot Power, Clobber, Liquid Fire, Super Ream Drain Cleaners

…but the drain is clear now Results from combining acidic and basic drain cleaners

Fires and Explosions Lithium Batteries Oxidizers Others

Lithium Batteries Stretchable lithium-ion battery developed to complement stretchable electronics Ceramic tiles coated with battery paints and then heat-sealed powered LEDs spelling out "RICE" for six hours in an experiment at Rice University. The lithium-ion batteries can be painted on virtually any surface. [Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University] The rechargeable battery can stretch, twist, and bend -- and return to normal shape. Northwestern University and University of Illinois March 2013 Rice researchers develop spray-on battery materials 08/14/12 Ceramic tiles coated with battery paints and then heat-sealed powered LEDs for six hours…

Lithium Batteries Electronic Cigarette Explodes In Man's Mouth, Burns His Face Feb. 27, 2012 Pensacola, FL it fits comfortably on the head of pin and could potentially power tiny medical devices or miniature robotsElectronic Cigarette Explodes In Man's Mouth, Burns His Face – Huffington Post Pin-Size Battery Printed in 3-D Scientific American June 20, 2013

Lithium Battery Fires Toxco Fire – British Columbia (Nov 9, 2009) Lithium batteries involved in UPS plane fire (Sept 20, 2010) Toxco Fire – British Columbia (Nov 9, 2009) it fits comfortably on the head of pin and could potentially power tiny medical devices or miniature robotsElectronic Cigarette Explodes In Man's Mouth, Burns His Face – Huffington Post Veolia – Columbus, OH (January 2010) Highway Re-opens After Truck-Hazmat Fire

Oxidizers Pool Chlorine Tablets Toilet pucks Stump Removers

Oxidizers

A home business??

Picric Acid at Home!! Trinitrophenol 2013 NC HHW 2010 NC HHW

Chemistry Kits….really??

Label reads: “Picric Acid” aka 2,4,6 - trinitrophenol What is this used for? Yellow dye for silk, antiseptic, burn treatments, explosives Label reads: “Picric Acid” aka 2,4,6 - trinitrophenol

Compare Picric Acid to…. Trinitrotoluene aka TNT (Note: TNT is not dynamite which is nitroglycerin based)

TNT….

As I was saying…compare Picric Acid to TNT…. 2,4,6 - Trinitrophenol 2,4,6 - Trinitrotoluene

Received at City Collection Center Blasting caps comprised of: mercury fulminate, lead azide, lead styphnate and tetryl. Recommended primary explosive is DDNP because it is nontoxic, easy to make. Diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) is a yellowish brown powder Left at the gate when facility was not open

More Items Dropped at HHW Ammonium Dichromate

More Items Dropped at HHW Marine Flares, Military Signal Flares or Smoke Grenades

Gases Materials that generate gases Asphyxiants Toxic or Obnoxious

Gases - Asphyxiants Asphyxiant gases displace or reduce the amount of oxygen in breathing air.

Gases - Asphyxiant Fatal Exposure to Methylene Chloride Among Bathtub Refinishers — United States, 2000–2011 February 24, 2012 13 deaths in 9 states during this period attributed to MeCl from bathtub refinishing…

Gases - Asphyxiant What is it? “1940-50 Fire Extinguisher” Carbon tetrachloride “1940-50 Fire Extinguisher”

Gases - Asphyxiant Carbon tetrachloride Another Fire Extinguisher

Gases - Obnoxious What is It? “Tamper Pack for a Safe” Chloropicrin (tear gas) “Tamper Pack for a Safe”

Don’t Cut Corners with Safety

Your takeaway… …the mind is the only weapon that doesn't need a holster - Paul Blart, Mall Cop

Thank You

Kenn Webb – VP, Operations (336) 617-2733 kwebb@ecoflo.com Thank You! & Be Safe