Measure the length of your hand in cm. Warm-up 2/21: Measure the length of your hand in cm. Place ruler up on desk & Stand your hand up. Measure from bottom of palm to tip of tallest finger. Use your phone or a friends phone and enter your results at http://goo.gl/8y4qVA or link on Mr. E’s page Turn in flipbook. Study for quiz.

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Warm-up 2/21: Part 2 What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium? DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Ch. 16-2 pp. 321-325

Definitions.. Evolution is the change in a population’s genetic material (alleles) over generations. A population is in genetic equilibrium if it’s not evolving

WHAT PUSHES A POPULATION OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM? 5 Factors Population is in equilibrium

I. Mutation Produces and introduces new alleles in a population

II. Migration/ Gene Flow Movement of individuals in or out of a population Immigration – In (Entering population) Emigration – Out (Leaving population)

III. Genetic Drift The amount of an allele changes due to random events Affects small populations mostly Lose alleles if not enough to mate or a catastrophe occurs

IV. Natural Selection (3 Types) Organisms best suited to their environment live to reproduce and pass on their genes Acts on a phenotype Varying types of selection

V. Non-random mating Can amplify certain traits and reduce others through sexual selection Sexual Selection - Choose mates based on specific traits and those traits increase in the population

HW: Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p 321-325 Do problem p 325 #2-5 Due Mon: Read 317-320 Do p320 #1-5 Due Mon Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p 321-325 Do problem p 325 #2-5 Vocab (Tri-fold) for: Vocab Gene Flow Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree Genetic Drift Adaptive Radiation Stabilizing Selection Allele frequency Disruptive Selection Gene pool Directional Selection Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium Superposition

Selection & SPECIATION Warm up 2/24: Define: Homologous Structures, Analogous Structures and Vestigial Organs/Structures. Give 1 example of each What is the main difference between a homologous structure and a vestigial Structure. Selection & SPECIATION Ch. 16-3 pp. 326-330

Directional Selection Individuals with a more extreme form of trait have higher fitness Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

Stabilizing Selection Having average form of trait has highest fitness Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

Disruptive Selection Individuals with any extreme trait has a higher fitness and most likely results in two new species Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

Forming a new species Speciation: forming a new species Species: a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring 1. same number of chromosomes 2. similar morphology (body structure)

Species Types Morphological Species – Defined using similar characteristics. Biological Species – A species can reproduce and have fertile offspring. A group of organism that can successfully interbreed. Cannot breed fertile offspring with other species.

Disruptive Selection Divergent evolution that most likely results in two new species

Mechanisms Allopatric speciation caused by geographic isolation (physical separation of organisms)

Mechanisms Cont. Sympatric Speciation due to reproductive isolation (barriers to successful breeding) Prezygotic: before fertilization (i.e breeding times or home range) Postzygotic: after fertilization- infertile offspring (chromosome # doesn’t add up) Liger – Tiger and Lion produce an infertile offspring

Schedule Homework Quiz: Friday 2/28 Exam Tuesday 3/4/2014 Vocab & bookwork due Tuesday Speciation Activity Due Wednesday Vocab & bookwork Due Thursday Lab Due Friday Study Guide Due Monday 3/3/2014 Raft: Due Friday 3/7/2014 Quiz: Friday 2/28 Exam Tuesday 3/4/2014 Intervention: Thursday After School & Friday Before School

HW: Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p 321-325 Do problem p 325 #2-5 Vocab (Tri-fold) for: Vocab Gene Flow Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree Genetic Drift Adaptive Radiation Stabilizing Selection Allele frequency Disruptive Selection Gene pool Directional Selection Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium Superposition

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Warm-up 2/21: Describe what happened with the gene pool with the mice from yesterdays video. (Min. 3 sentences & use as much Vocab as you can.) What are the five assumptions that must hold true to achieve genetic equilibrium? DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Ch. 16-2 pp. 321-325