P. Huhtanen, E.H. Cabezas-Garcia, S. Utsumi, S. Zimmerman

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Presentation transcript:

Comparison of methods to determine methane emissions from dairy cows in farm conditions P. Huhtanen, E.H. Cabezas-Garcia, S. Utsumi, S. Zimmerman Journal of Dairy Science Volume 98, Issue 5, Pages 3394-3409 (May 2015) DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9118 Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Layout of the GreenFeed (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) system used for this study (the flux method). RFID=radiofrequency identification. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Layout of the retrofitted feed trough located in the automatic milking system. The flux method used a manifold fit into the feed trough with airflow intakes located on both sides of the manifold close to the nose of the cow. For the sniffer method, the sampling inlet was located in the back, left side of the feed trough. An inferred beam sensor indicated whether the muzzle of the animal was inside the feed trough. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The sniffer-method configuration used in laboratory and farm studies. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (a) The layout of the model cow head used in the studies. Two bellows pumps were used to simulate the lungs of a cow, and CO2 was injected into the lungs and released through the nostrils of the animal to simulate breathing. (b, c) The model cow head used in the study. Nostrils were placed into the cow head to best simulate the flow patterns near the muzzle of a cow. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Relationship between the fraction of time (0–1) with muzzle in feed trough during milking (muzzle position) and CH4 emissions measured in the automatic milking system. Each point represents the averages of one cow during two 10-d flux-measurement periods. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Relationship between the CH4 concentration (ppm) determined by the sniffer method and CH4 determined by the flux method (g/d). Exp=experiment. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Relationships between the CH4/CO2 determined by the flux or sniffer method and CH4 flux determined by the flux method in 2 experiments (Exp). Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Relationship between CH4/CO2 ratios estimated by the sniffer and flux methods. Exp=experiment. Journal of Dairy Science 2015 98, 3394-3409DOI: (10.3168/jds.2014-9118) Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association Terms and Conditions