Religion What is religion? How do sociologists study it?

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Religion What is religion? How do sociologists study it? What is the global distribution of religion? How is religion changing in the 21st century? What are the major debates regarding religion?

What is religion? Religion: a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on a conception of the sacred Key concepts: Religion Sacred Profane

Major World Religions

Durkheim: Three Major Functions of Religion Social cohesion Social control Providing meaning and purpose

Conflict Theory & Religion Religion impedes social change (Marx) Religion reinforces existing patterns of dominance & inequality Feminist Perspective: Women’s large role in religious socialization, but subordinate role in religious governance

Religious Behavior Belief Ritual Experience

Religious Organization Ecclesiae Denominations Sects NRMs or cults

Social Change & Religion: Major Trends Limited, partial secularization Growth of fundamentalisms & “clash of civilizations” Emergence of new religious movements & the New Age Development of postmodern religious institutions

Public Debates Involving Religion Religion & the State (e.g., secularism, schools, social welfare) Religion & Social Movements (e.g., political activism, violence)