Textbook Page 114 Read the “Two Sources on China and Trade” Answer the following on a half sheet of paper; What is Qianlong’s View on Europe’s request for trade? What does Lord MaCartney think? Predict what will happen between the two countries.

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Early Contacts with Europeans 16th century – Portuguese traded for silk and tea Portuguese followed by the Dutch and English

Chinese History 18th century Chinese believe that they are superior to the Europeans. Manchus began restricting Europeans – missionaries and traders. Only trading for silver. Porcelain & Silk

Trade with Britain China unwilling to trade for resources frustrates Britain. Britain no longer wants to give up all of their silver they decided to illegally trade Opium in China. British brought opium from India to Canton Many Chinese became addicts

First Opium War (1839-1842) Chinese emperor forbade opium imports War between British and Chinese

First Opium War (1839-1842) Chinese emperor forbade opium imports War between British and Chinese Treaty of Nanking (1842) Additional British ports in China British control over Hong Kong China had to pay an indemnity China limited to 5% tariff

Check for Understanding Explain to your partner if you think Europeans were justified fighting the Opium War. Why or Why Not

Other Westerners in China Belgium, France, Holland (Netherlands), Portugal, Prussia (Germany), United States Spheres of influence Exclusive trading areas Extraterritoriality Tried in their own courts and under their own laws (Exempt from Chinese Law)

Second Opium War (1856-1860) Also known as the Arrow War Results 1. More Chinese ports opened up to European trade 2. Opium traffic legalized 3. Protection of Christian missionaries 4. All foreign vessels could navigate the Yangtze River 5. Russia’s border extended to Amur River

China Loses Land

Check for Understanding Explain to your partner if you think China was actually imperialized.

China 1644 - Qing - China’s final dynasty (also known as the Manchu) Foreign, not considered “Han” Chinese Increased population Poverty Starvation Peasant Uprisings Lack of industrialization – not seen as a need Lack of change/reform Discontent from within, slow to change and those sneaky Europeans find another way to undermine the power of China

Check for Understanding What forms of Imperialism are present in China.

Open Door Policy Proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay (1899) Fear that China would be carved up between imperialist powers Left China’s independence and territory intact All nations could trade equally in China Endorsed internationally But not always strictly followed

Opium? When China continues to limit trade with the West, Britain begins to illegally smuggle Opium into China Millions of addicts dependent on British Opium "Opium Wars" - between China and Britain leads to defeats for China. Britain obtains Hong Kong Japan attacks in 1894 and takes Korea, Taiwan and Port Arthur.

Boxer Rebellion (1900) Chinese people resented foreign influence and power Order of the Patriotic Harmonious Fists Called “Boxers” by Westerners Demanded that foreigners leave China Killed circa 300 western religious figures and vandalized foreign property European imperialists, Americans, and Japanese put down the rebellion China paid $333,000,000 in damages and had to permit military forces in Peking (Beijing) and Tientsin

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists. Citizens try to rid their country of all foreign influence! Nations (such as England, France and U.S. join together Chinese are defeated – foreign countries now in economic control

50 of China’s most prosperous ports were deemed "treaty ports" which meant that they were open to foreign trade and residence. European nations divided China into spheres of influence The wishes of the Chinese were ignored. This, understandably, created a great deal of resentment amongst the Chinese.

Last Emperor The Boxer Rebellion – anti-foreign movement Hundreds of Europeans killed but European backlash leads to European control of most of China 1911 – Nationalist Chinese forces under Sun-Yat-Sen force the abdication of the last emperor Pu Yi

Boxer Rebellion Video

Republican Revolution Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) Founded Kuomintang (Nationalist party) Overthrew Manchu (Qing) dynasty Established a republic President of Chinese Republic who succeeded him – Yuan Shih-k’ai Kuomintang symbol

Explain the Photo

License Plate Activity Create a license plate for a European driving in China during this time and a Chinese man driving in China during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.