Cells Structure & Function

Recap… Who coined the term “cell”? What invention allowed cells to be seen? Who is the Father of Microbiology?

Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic But not all! 3 3

The Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things. All living things (organisms) are made of cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells. So, this disproved Spontaneous Generation 4

Cell Types Prokaryotic Pro=No Eukaryotic You= Eukaryote 5 5

Prokaryotic Cells Believed first cell type on earth No membrane bound nucleus or organelles Single Celled! Bacteria 6 6

Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Have many membrane bound organelles Can be unicellular or multicellular 7 7

Representative Animal Cell 8 8

Representative Plant Cell 9 9

(aka phospholipid bilayer) Cell Membrane (aka plasma membrane) (aka phospholipid bilayer) Barrier between inside and outside of cell Double layer of phospholipids with floating proteins Controls what enters and leaves cell Cannot control the flow of water or gases 11 11

Cell Walls Found in plants & fungi Surrounds plasma (cell) membrane Made of non-living material (Cellulose) 12 12

Cytoplasm (aka cytosol) Jelly-like fluid containing organelles - Cushions and protects organelles Continually streaming (moving) 13 13

Ribosome Free floating or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum Site of Protein Synthesis Reads RNA to make proteins 14 14

Nucleus “Brain” of cell Bound by nuclear membrane Contains Controls all cell activities Bound by nuclear membrane With pores Contains Chromosomes (DNA) Nucleolus 15 15

DNA Hereditary material Normally found as loose Chromatin Deoxyribonucleic Acid Normally found as loose Chromatin When Cell needs to divide, it condenses into Chromosomes Chromosomes code for Proteins 16 16

Nucleolus Inside the Nucleus Produces ribosomes 17 17

Lysosomes Found in Animal Cells Contain digestive enzymes Functions Breaks down old cell parts Digests invaders/waste 18 18

Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs Plants have LARGE ones... animals are smaller Stores: Water Food Wastes 19 19

Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the Cell Mighty Mito! Breaks down Glucose during Cellular Respiration Makes ATP - Cell’s energy molecule Active Cells have many - Muscle cells need more energy than skin cells-->have lots! 20 20

Chloroplasts Solar energy is captured and changed here Found in plants and green algae Site of Photosynthesis Turns inorganic H2O and CO2 into an organic food molecule Glucose is made! C6H12O6 21 21

Centrioles The “Spider Man” of the animal cell Involved in cell division Send out microtubules to “drag” chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell They look like mini Twizzlers! 22 22