Echinococcus granulosus, multilocularis Dipilidium caninum Taenia saginata, Solium Hymenolepis nana, dimnuta Diphyllobothrium latum cestodes Hydatid disease Dipilidiasis - Taeniasis -Cysticercosis Hymenolepiasis Diphyllobothriasisdisease Dogs and wild canins Dogs,cats, human Man - H.Nan man -H.Dimnuta Rats Man RH: fish, birds, mammals DH Cattle, sheep, pigs,camels, man Fleas of dogs and cats -T. saginata – cattele -T. Solium – pigs,“man“ Insects1.Cyclops 2.Fish IH TissueSmall intestine -T. saginata – intestine -T. Solium – intestine,tissue Small intestine Habitat Unilocular – cosmopolites Multilocular- artic regions Worldwide -worldwide -where pork are eaten Worldwide “warm climates “ Lake regionsGeographical Hydatid cystCysticercoid larva Cysticercus “bovis, cellulosae” Cysticercoid 1.Procercoid 2.Plerocercoid Larva stage Hydatid cystEggsTaeniasis – eggs Eggs Diagnostic stage EggsCysticercoid larva -Cysticercosis – eggs -Taeniasis - Cysticercus larva EggsPlerocercoidInfective stage Accidentall ingestion of feals withCysticercoid larva T. saginata –beef -T. Solium – bork, cellulosae - Direct – eggs - Indirect– Cysticercoid Larva Ingestion of fish with viable Plerocercoid Mode of infection Casoni testZhiel heelsen,Indian ink Autoinfection – H.nana Stool conc Others

Ascaris lumbricoidEnterobius vermiclarisNematodes AscariasisEnterobiasisDisease Man DH ____________ IH Small intestineLarge intestineHabitat WorldwideGeography Embryonated eggs 2 nd stage rhabditiform larva Embryonated eggs Infective stage Unfertilized, fertilized, decerticatedEmbryonated egg adults and female Diagnostic stage Unembryonated eggsEmbryonated eggsFemale lyse Indirect migrationWithout migration phaseMigration - Adult in intestine - Larva in lung Mainly adultPathogenic stage

Schistosoma spp “blood” Heterophyes heterophyes “intestinal” Fasciolopsis buski “intestinal” Paragonimus westermani “lung” Fasciola hepatica, gigantica “liver” FLUKS Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis HeterophyiasisFasciolopsiais “human, pigs” ParagonimiasisFascioliasis “zoonotic disease “ Disease S.Heamtobum S.Monsoni S.Japonicum Heterophyes heterophyes “smallest” Fasciolopsis buski “largest” p.genus- human, animal p.westermani – “oriental lung fluks “ F.Hepatica F.Gigantica Caused agent Venous plexus of urinary bladder or intestine Small intestine LungsBile ductsHabitat Human Humans DH No RH Fish-eating animals “dogs, cats “ Pigs Dogs, feline, pigsHerbivorous animal “cattle, sheep “ RH Fresh water snail 1 st. Brackish water fish 2 nd. Fish “mugit,tilapia “ Fresh water snail 1 st. Fresh water snail 2 nd. Crabs and crayfish IH Egypt,middle east and far east - Asia, india - Pigs and consume raw aquatic plants South asia, africa, south and central america WorlwideGeography Furcocercus cercariae of human in fresh water Uncooked fish with encysted metacercaria Crabs and crayfish with encysted metacercaria Contaminated water or plants and vegetabels with encysted metacercaria Source of infection Furcocercus cercariae - Cercariae - Egg embolism Leptocercus cercariae Microcercous cercariae Leptocercus cercariaecercariae