Communicable Diseases Entry Task: Name as many communicable diseases as you can

Communicable Diseases Cover your mouth when you sneeze, or risk spreading the disease!

What in the world is a communicable disease anyway? A disease spread from one person or animal to another person Caused by infective agents (pathogens) Example: Bacteria, Virus Pathogens multiply and damage the cells and their functioning Most commonly spreads via airborne or bacteria ‘Contagious’ or ‘Infectious’ used to describe communicable diseases Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease.

Transmission (Spread) Airborne – direct contact not needed Animal – come in contact with infected animal/insect Food/Water – drinking water or eating food contaminated Healthcare – medical waste/equipment Respiratory/bodily fluid – when come in contact with saliva, blood, ejaculate, mucus

Lifespan of Pathogen Not all pathogens can live for long without a Host What is a host? If I cough without covering but no one is around, will a person who walks in the room an hour later become infected?

Who is most susceptible? Older People Babies Pregnant Women People with a weakened immune system

Common types of VIRAL Communicable Diseases Viruses- pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Need living cells to reproduce, survive, and thrive Cold Flu Pneumonia Polio Measles AIDS Chicken pox EBOLA!

Common types of BACTERIAL Communicable Diseases Bacteria- many bacteria’s are essential for life, but some produce toxins and kill cells. What the immune system does not destroy antibiotics can. food borne illnesses Strep throat Pink eye Bacterial pneumonia gonorrhea

Common types of PARASITIC Communicable Diseases Protozoan's- more complex organisms than bacteria, such as pathogenic parasites, most are completely harmless but some can affect people with weakened immune system. Malaria

Hepatitis – VIRAL What is it? Inflammation of the liver Acute - lasts less than 6 months Chronic - persists longer Transmission Sexually transmitted Shared needles (blood) Mother to unborn child Poor sanitation is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Hepatitis may occur with limited or no symptoms, but often leads to yellow discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes, and conjunctivae, poor appetite and malaise. Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer. The condition can be self-limiting (healing on its own) or can progress to fibrosis (scarring) and cirrhosis. Worldwide, sexually transmitted hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of the condition

HIV/AIDS -VIRAL What is it? Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer. Having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS. Symptoms Transmission Headache -Sharing needles Diarrhea, vomiting -unprotected sex Fatigue Aching muscles Magic Johnson-Former NBA player

Influenza - VIRAL What is it? People often use the term "flu" to describe any kind of mild illness, such as a cold or a stomach virus, that has symptoms like the flu. But the real flu is different. Flu symptoms are usually worse than a cold and last longer. The flu usually does not cause vomiting or diarrhea in adults. Transmission Coughing/ sneezing without covering mouth Contact with those that are sick Unsanitary conditions

Pink Eye – BACTERIAL(& VIRAL) What is it? Conjunctivitis, infection and swelling of membrane lining the eyelids Causes red blood cells to be more visible, changing appearance of the eye Symptoms Transmission -Pink/red appearance -Touching eyes -Crusting of eyelids/lashes -Blocked tear duct -Itching/burning eyes -Gritty feeling

Malaria-Parasitic What is it? Serious disease caused by parasite in mosquitos You can get it from a bite by an infected mosquito. Malaria is rare in the United States. Common in Africa, Southern Asia, Central America, and South America. Symptoms Symptoms like the flu, such as a high fever, chills, and muscle pain Can be more serious – damage to liver, heart, etc

How it Spreads A bite from a parasite-infected mosquito causes malaria. The mosquito becomes infected by biting an infected person and drawing blood that contains the parasite. When that mosquito bites another person, that person becomes infected.

What are some preventative measures you can take?

Preventative Measures Washing hands- most effective strategy for preventing the spread of disease. Before you eat, put in contacts or make- up, after the restroom, handle animals, etc. Avoid sharing make-up, combs, and brushes, food, drinks, chapstick Avoid unprotected sexual intercourse Avoid unnecessary contact with people who are sick Protect others, cover your mouth!

Coughing and Sneezing Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough 

Treatment Depends on the disease! Bacterial – most commonly have medication (anti- BACTERIAL, antibiotic) Viral – no true medication

Hand Washing How do you wash When Why What

Let’s Review! What are communicable diseases? How are they spread (transmitted?) What are the three main types of communicable diseases? Examples? Can you prevent? Can you treat?