Population, Globalization, Basic Institutions Economies and Governments

How does population affect our society? Overpopulation, pollution, Business types of transportation, number of schools What factors influence a country’s population growth rate? Births, deaths, and people migrating to and from the country affect a country’s population growth rate.

Population Density Measures the number of people living in an area

Where do most of the worlds population live? (look at map on pg 87) Why do you think there is this population pattern?

Basic Institutions Family Education Religion Government Economy If you look at every country every one of them has the basic institutions.

Family Takes care of children Provides emotional and physical support Teach the accepted norms, behaviors Teaches culture

Education Societies rely on education to pass knowledge Schools teach norms, values

Religion Incredibly diverse Helps explain the meaning of life and death and the difference between good and bad Passed down and supported by traditional practice, literature and sacred text

Government In order to resolve conflict A system of leaders and laws that help people live safely together in their community

Economy System of using resources to meet needs Must be able to make buy sell and trade goods and services to get what they want and need

Science and Technology How does science and technology shape and control their environments What are the impacts of technology?

Globalization The process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade Not only links world’s people but also connects businesses and affects trade Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade. The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises

Globalization How has the expansion of global trade affected our world? Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange, trade, and a cooperative world community possible.

Globalization World Community encourages cooperation. Why do you think they do so? To resolve global conflict

United Nations 51 countries An organization of the world countries that promotes peace and security around the globe Ex: coming together to provide humanitarian aid

GOVERNMENT What is government? 2. What does a government do? 3. Why do people need government? 4. What types of government are there?

GOVERNMENT What is government?

GOVERNMENT What is government? Government is an organization people set up to protect the community and make rules

Government What is government and what role does it play in our lives? Why do we need government? In its simplest form, a government determines the way in which a country, state, county, township, city, or village is run. At every level, government makes laws that citizens must obey and creates policies about everything connected with the daily life of a community—whether that community is a nation, a state or the town where you live.

Government Government establish order and ensure justice Make laws Regulate business and trade Provide aid to people Shape culture and economy of a country as well as the daily lives of the people

2. What does a government do?

2. What does a government do? Protects the community Makes laws Keeps order

3. Why do people need government?

3. Why do people need government? For protection of people and property Making rules Enforcing laws

4. What types of government are there?

Types of Government Dictatorship Absolute Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy Direct Democracy Republic/Representative Democracy Theocracy Totalitarian Democracy

Governments Imagine what life would be like without governmental systems

Limited Powers Limited government = the power of government leader is limited by the constitution. Everyone, including all authority figures, must obey the laws. Individual rights of the citizen are protected by the constitution. To gain power is not the main goal in a limited government.

Unlimited Power Unlimited government: government’s power has no limits. Usually no constitution or laws limiting the governments power Control is placed solely with the ruler and his/her appointees. No limits imposed on his /her authority. These governments have total control over their citizens.

Limited Government Unlimited Government Power Restricted by the people Bill of Rights- Constitution-Statement of a country’s basic laws and values Parliament-a national law making body(Canada & England) Constitutional Monarchy- Government ruled by king or queen, power is determined by the nation’s constitutions and laws Republic-Government in which power belongs to the citizens, who govern themselves through elected representation No limits on power Totalitarian- centralized government that does NOT tolerate parties of differing opinion, dictatorial control over many aspects of life, exercises control over freedom-North Korea Communist- system structured upon common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes, money, and the state-Germany, Soviet Union Dictatorship- form of government where political authority is monopolized by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various oppressive mechanisms- Kim Jong Il, North Korea Absolutism- form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator Absolute Monarchy- a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution-France King Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1715)

Dictatorship A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. EX: Cuba

Constitutional Monarchy Government ruled by a King or Queen Powers are determined by the Nation’s Constitution and law This is a limited government EX: England

Absolute Monarchy Rule by a King or Queen They have absolute power Are not restrained by a constitution or laws Example of unlimited power EX: Qatar and Saudi Arabia

Direct Democracy Government by the people People vote directly on every issue Only practical in a small community Citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Citizens come together to discuss and pass laws and select leaders EX: Ancient Athens

Republic/ Representative Democracy Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Indirect form of democracy Citizens elect representatives to make government decisions on their behalf Representatives elected for set terms People are represented by elected officials Used in large countries Also known as a Republic government EX: Ancient Rome United States of America

Democracy In a democracy, the government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

Communist system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people. Ex: CHINA, CUBA

Theocracy Government officials regarded to have religious authority Laws rooted in a particular religion or religious doctrine Government power is unlimited Governmental rulers are identical with the leaders of the dominant religion Governmental policies are either identical with or strongly influenced by the principals of the majority religion. Government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power EX: Iran

Totalitarian Dictator holds ultimate authority Government tightly controls all aspects of life-political, social, and economic No formal or informal limits on government EX: North Korea

Anarchy: no government; very dangerous DICTATORSHIP One person has all of the power; also called Monarchy, Tyranny, or Totalitarianism OLIGARCHY A few people have all the power; also known as Aristocracy or (sometimes) Communism DEMOCRACY Everyone may participate in government; also called Representative Democracy or Republic ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Unlimited Government—ruler can do anything! Unlimited Government—rulers can do anything! Limited Government—people who make laws also follow the laws! Leaders are “born” in to power (monarchy) or gain power by force (military dictatorship) Decisions are made by only a few people—usually the rich and influential People elect representatives to make decisions for them Everyone is involved and has equal power, there is a lot of loyalty and support, individual freedoms are given Decisions can be made quickly and good leadership may prevail, as long as no one person takes over Citizens may unite in their loyalty to their ruler and decisions can be made quickly No individual freedoms given, needs of the citizens not considered, ruler may make poor choices No individual freedoms are given, the needs of the people are not considered, and rulers may make poor choices Time consuming, since everyone gives input Rulers are called: King, Queen, Tsar, Czar, Emperor, Tyrant, Dictator Rulers may be called: Aristocrats, Oligarchs Representatives are called: Senators, Representatives, Presidents, Prime Ministers Can be found in: Saudi Arabia, the UK, Cuba Can be found in: China, Russia Can be found in: the USA, India, Mexico Anarchy: no government; very dangerous

1. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The pharaoh was an absolute ruler. He commanded the army and controlled irrigation and grain supplies. People in this society considered the pharaoh to be a god. Monarchy

2. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT In the first century AD, the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy. The Jews at the time did not fit into any of these categories as they believed only God and his laws were sovereign. Theocracy

3. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In 450 B.C. this civilization assembled and all citizens voted on laws. A council of 500 prepared business for the assembly. Direct Democracy

4. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The Nazi Party took over every aspect of this country’s social, economic & political life. Hitler quickly secured his power by burning down a legislative building and used the incident to obtain emergency powers, becoming an absolute ruler. Dictatorship

5. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In this country some people are elected to make laws and some people are appointed officials. Representative Democracy

Citizenship Rights- things we must do EX: Voting Responsibilities- tasks we should do as citizens but are not required by law EX: helping your community

Economic Systems Traditional Command Market Work that people do is based on long established customs Hunt, fish, tend animals and crops Command The government controls the economy Decides what goods and services to produce Decides how much to produces and how goods and services are distributed Sets wages and prices Market Based on private ownership, free trade and competition Individuals and business are free to buy and sell what they wish with little interference from the government Prices are determined by supply and demand

Common types of Mixed Economies(page 120) Communism Socialist Free Enterprise

What type of economy is the United States? Mixed Economy(command and market)

Industries Agriculture Manufacturing Service Tertiary Businesses that focus on growing crops and raising livestock Manufacturing Businesses that make finished products from raw goods Service Business that provides services instead of goods Tertiary Wholesale Business that sell to business Retail Business that sell directly to final costumers

Developing vs Developed Higher GDP High Life expectancy Higher quality of life Advanced healthcare Productive economy High levels of education Developing Lower quality of life Less productive economy Lower life expectancy Lower GDP Less access to health care and technology