HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2017

HIV

Figure 1.1.1 New HIV diagnoses in Australia, 1984–2016, by sex * Includes transgender people and people for whom data on sex was missing. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.2 New HIV diagnoses in Australia, 2007–2016, by age group Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.3 New HIV diagnoses, rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by sex Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.4 HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.5 HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, males Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.6 HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, females Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.7 New HIV diagnoses, notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.7 New HIV diagnoses, notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.8 Average age-standardised HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average HIV notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of HIV diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.8 Average age-standardised HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average HIV notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of HIV diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.9 New HIV diagnoses, rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of birth Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.10 Number of new HIV diagnoses, 2007–2016, by exposure category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.11 New HIV diagnoses in men who reported male‑to‑male sex as an exposure risk, 2007– 2016, by region of birth Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.12 Proportion of HIV diagnoses in non‑Australian‑born men with male‑to‑male sex as risk exposure, 2007–2016, by region of birth Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.13 Number of new HIV diagnoses in men with exposure risk other than male‑to‑male sex, 2007–2016, by risk exposure category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.14 Number of new HIV diagnoses in women, 2007–2016, by risk exposure category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.15 Newly diagnosed HIV notification rate per 100 000 Australian‑born population, 2007–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.16 Newly diagnosed HIV and HIV exposure category, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.17 Number of Australian‑born children perinatally exposed to HIV and proportion HIV‑positive, 1985–2016, by year of birth Source: Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit

Figure 1.1.18 Proportion of Australian‑born perinatally exposed infants who were HIV‑positive, 2007–2016, by year of birth Source: Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit

Figure 1.1.19 Newly diagnosed HIV in Australia, 2007–2016, by newly acquired HIV status and year Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.20 Newly acquired HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.20 Newly acquired HIV notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.21 New HIV diagnoses classified as newly acquired or unspecified, 2007–2016, by HIV exposure category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.22 Number of new HIV diagnoses classified as newly acquired, 2007–2016, by exposure risk category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.23 Likely place of HIV acquisition in newly diagnosed HIV notifications in men who reported male‑to‑male sex as an exposure risk, 2014–2016, by country of birth Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.24 Likely place of HIV acquisition in newly diagnosed HIV notifications in people who reported heterosexual sex as exposure risk, 2014–2016, by country of birth Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.25 HIV subtype distribution in new HIV diagnoses in men who reported male‑to‑male sex as their exposure risk, 2015, by country of birth Source: State/Territory Health Authorities, NSW NHMRC Partnership Project

Figure 1.1.26 HIV subtype distribution in newly diagnosed HIV notifications in people who reported heterosexual sex as exposure risk, 2015, by country of birth Source: State/Territory Health Authorities, NSW NHMRC Partnership Project

Figure 1.1.27 Proportion of late HIV diagnoses, 2007–2016, by selected exposure category Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.28 The proportion of late HIV diagnoses in men reporting an exposure category that included male-to-male sex, 2012–2016, by subcategory (n = 3289) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.29 The proportion of late HIV diagnoses in males who reported heterosexual sex as an exposure risk, 2012–2016, by subcategory (n = 497) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.1.30 The proportion of late HIV diagnoses in women who reported heterosexual sex as an exposure risk, 2012–2016, by subcategory (n = 386) Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 1.2.1 HIV incidence rate per 100 person‑years in gay and bisexual men and female sex workers attending sexual health clinics, 2012–2016 Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 1.3.1 Estimated proportion of people living with HIV who are undiagnosed, 2016, by demographic group and exposure Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates

Figure 1.3.2 Number and proportion of people living with HIV and diagnosed, 1986–2016 Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 1.3.3 Number and proportion of people living with HIV and diagnosed, 1986–2016, males Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates

Figure 1.3.4 Number and proportion of people living with HIV and diagnosed, 1986–2016, females Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates

Figure 1.3.5 Estimated HIV prevalence in selected countries, 2016 Source: UNAIDS; Countries included reflect number of Australian notifications by country of birth and key geographic and political countries in the Australian context

Figure 1.3.6 Annual new HIV diagnoses as a proportion of the estimated number of people living with HIV and diagnosed, 2007–2016 Source: State and territory health authorities; see Methodology for detail on mathematical modelling for estimates of the number of people living with HIV

Figure 1.3.7 Self‑reported HIV prevalence among gay men participating in the Gay Community Periodic Surveys, 2007–2016 Source: Gay Community Periodic Surveys

Figure 1.3.8 HIV prevalence among people seen at needle and syringe programs, 2007–2016, by gender and sexual identity Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 1.4.1 The HIV diagnosis and care cascade, 2014–2016 Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates

Figure 1.4.2 People living with HIV who have not achieved suppressed viral load by cascade stage, 2016 Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 1.4.3 The HIV diagnosis and care cascade, 2014–2016, males Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 1.4.4 The HIV diagnosis and care cascade, 2014–2016, females Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 1.4.5 Proportion of non‑HIV‑positive gay and bisexual men tested for HIV in the 12 months prior to completing the survey, 2007–2016 Source: Gay Community Periodic Surveys

Figure 1.4.6 Proportion of people who inject drugs attending needle and syringe programs who reported an HIV test in the past 12 months, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 1.4.7 Proportion of sexual health and high‑caseload general practice clinic attendees tested for HIV in a year, 2012–2016, by priority population Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 1.4.8 HIV retesting among gay and bisexual men attending sexual health clinics, 2012–2016 Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 1.4.9 Proportion of HIV‑positive men receiving antiretroviral treatment, 2007–2016 Source: Gay Community Periodic Surveys; ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance); see Methodology for detail.

Figure 1.4.10 Proportion of patients with suppressed viral load from patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database, sexual health clinics and high‑caseload general practice clinics, 2007–2016 Source: Australian HIV Observational Database, ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 1.5.1 Gay and bisexual men with casual partners who reported any condomless anal intercourse in the six months prior to the survey, 2007–2016 Source: Gay Community Periodic Survey

Figure 1.5.2 Cumulative number of gay men enrolled in PrEP implementation programs in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, 2016, by month Source: EPIC‑NSW (New South Wales), QPrEPd (Queensland) and PrEPX (Victoria); see Methodology for detail.

Figure 1.5.3 Proportion of non‑HIV‑positive gay and bisexual men in Gay Community Periodic Surveys who reported PrEP use in the past six months, 2013–2016 Source: Gay Community Periodic Surveys

Hepatitis C

Figure 2.1.1 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.2 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.3 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.4 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.5 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population in people aged 25 years and under, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.6 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.6 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.7 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population in people under 25 years of age, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.7 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population in people under 25 years of age, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.8 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.9 Average age-standardised hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average hepatitis C notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of hepatitis C diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities.

Figure 2.1.9 Average age-standardised hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average hepatitis C notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of hepatitis C diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 2.1.10 Hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia).

Figure 2.1.11 Newly diagnosed hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 people, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and state/territory Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia).

Figure 2.1.12 Newly acquired hepatitis C notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.1.13 Estimated annual incidence of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs seen at needle and syringe programs, 2007–2015 Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 2.1.14 Estimated annual incidence of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs seen at Kirketon Road Centre Sydney, 2012–2016 Source: Kirketon Road Centre

Figure 2.1.15 Estimated annual incidence of hepatitis C in a cohort of people who inject drugs in Melbourne, 2010–2016 Source: MIX: Melbourne injecting drug user cohort study

Figure 2.1.16 Hepatitis C prevalence among survey respondents at needle and syringe programs, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 2.1.17 Hepatitis C prevalence among prison entrants, by year Source: National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne Virus Survey 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016

Figure 2.1.18 Estimated number of people living with hepatitis C with severe fibrosis and hepatitis C‑related cirrhosis, 2007–2016 Note: Only includes people with chronic hepatitis C infection Source: See Methodology for detail.

Figure 2.1.19 Estimated number of people with hepatitis C‑related severe fibrosis and cirrhosis, 2007–2016 Note: Only includes people with chronic hepatitis C infection Source: See Methodology for detail

Figure 2.1.20 Estimated number of incident cases of hepatitis C‑related decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and deaths in people living with chronic hepatitis C, 2007–2016 Note: Only includes people with chronic hepatitis C infection Source: See Methodology for detail

Figure 2.1.21 Estimated number of incident cases of hepatitis C‑related decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and deaths, 2007–2016 Note: Includes people with chronic hepatitis C infection and those who have been cured of infection but still experience hepatitis C‑related morbidity and mortality. Source: See Methodology for detail

Figure 2.1.22 Number of hepatitis C‑related liver transplants and proportion of hepatitis C‑related transplants due to hepatocellular carcinoma, 2007–2016, by primary diagnosis Source: Australian and New Zealand liver Transplant Registry

Figure 2.1.23 The hepatitis C diagnosis and care cascade, 2016 227 306   199 412 161 509 75 909 32 550 30 434 Source: See Methodology for details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates

Figure 2.1.24 Proportion of people who inject drugs seen at needle and syringe programs who reported a hepatitis C antibody test in the past 12 months, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 2.1.25 Proportion of people who inject drugs seen at needle and syringe programs who reported a hepatitis C antibody test in the past 12 months, 2007–2016, by hepatitis C antibody status Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 2.1.26 The estimated number of people living with hepatitis C who received treatment, 1997–2016 Source: Pharmdash, pharmaceutical companies

Figure 2.1.27 Number and proportion of people living with chronic hepatitis C at the start of 2016 who received treatment during 2016, by stage of disease Note: Stages F0–F2 early to moderate fibrosis; Stage F3 severe fibrosis; Stage F4 hepatitis‑C related cirrhosis. Source: See Methodology for detail.

Figure 2.1.28 Proportion of hepatitis C antibody positive people seen at needle and syringe programs with a history of hepatitis C treatment, 2008–2016 Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Figure 2.1.29 Proportion of prison entrants who reported ever receiving hepatitis C treatment, by year of survey and sex Source: National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne Virus Survey

Figure 2.1.30 Proportion of people seen at needle and syringe programs reporting receptive syringe sharing in the past month, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey

Hepatitis B

Figure 2.2.1 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2006–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.2 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.3 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.4 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.5 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by year and state/territory (1/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.5 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by year and state/territory (2/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.6 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.7 Average age-standardised hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average hepatitis B notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of hepatitis B diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 2.2.7 Average age-standardised hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average hepatitis B notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of hepatitis B diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 2.2.8 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia).

Figure 2.2.9 Hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000, 2012–2016, by state/territory and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia).

Figure 2.2.10 Newly acquired hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.11 Newly acquired hepatitis B notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 2.2.12 Estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in Australia and other countries, 2015 Source: Adjusted Australian antenatal prevalence data, international population seroprevalence data, WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute.

Figure 2.2.13 Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among prison entrants, by year of survey and sex Source: National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne Virus Survey.

Figure 2.2.14 The hepatitis B diagnosis and care cascade, 2014–2016 Note: Due to updated modelling methods, estimates may be different from figures presented in previous years of reporting. Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute; see Methodology for detail.

Figure 2.2.15 Proportion of people attending sexual health clinics who were susceptible to hepatitis B, 2016, by age group Note: ‘Susceptible’ is defined as susceptible to hepatitis B infection or lacking immunity to hepatitis B through vaccination or past exposure based on vaccination documentation or pathology results in patient records. The denominator excludes patients for whom hepatitis B vaccination documentation or pathology results were not available. Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance); see Methodology for details.

Figure 2.2.16 Estimated number of people dispensed antiviral drugs for hepatitis B, 2013–2016, by drug type Note: Excludes tenofovir dispensing for HIV co‑infected patients. Patients on telbivudine are excluded; there were no more than 30 for most time periods. Source: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 10% sample using Pharmdash. Excludes temporary residents who are ineligible for Medicare. See Methodology for detail.

Figure 2.2.17 Roll‑out of hepatitis B vaccination in Australia, by year

Figure 2.2.18 Hepatitis B vaccination coverage estimates at 12 and 24 months, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases; see Methodology for detail.

Sexually transmissible infections

Figure 3.1.1 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by sex Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.2 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.3 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group, males Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.4 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group, females Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.5 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by year and state/territory (1/2) Note: Excludes Victoria in 2015 and 2016 as data were unavailable at the time of reporting, but will be available in the future. The Northern Territory is displayed on the right‑hand vertical axis. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.5 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by year and state/territory (2/2) Note: Excludes Victoria in 2015 and 2016 as data were unavailable at the time of reporting, but will be available in the future. The Northern Territory is displayed on the right‑hand vertical axis. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.6 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.7 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by region of residence, males Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.8 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by region of residence, females Note: Excludes Victoria in all years, as 2015 and 2016 data were unavailable at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.1.9 Average age-standardised chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average chlamydia notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of chlamydia diagnoses. Excludes Victoria as notifications data for 2015 and 2015 were not available at the time of reporting. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.1.9 Average age-standardised chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average chlamydia notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of chlamydia diagnoses. Excludes Victoria as notifications data for 2015 and 2015 were not available at the time of reporting. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.1.10 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia).

Figure 3.1.11 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and state/territory Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia).

Figure 3.1.12 Chlamydia incidence in sexual health clinic attendees, 2010–2016, by population Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.1.13 The chlamydia diagnosis and care cascade in people aged 15–29 years, 2016, by sex Source: See Methodology for further details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 3.1.14 Number of Medicare‑rebated chlamydia tests in Australia, 2008–2016, by sex Source: Medicare

Figure 3.1.15 Proportion of general practice attendees aged 15–29 years who had a Medicare‑rebated chlamydia test in a year, 2008–2016, by sex Source: Medicare

Figure 3.1.16 Ratio of chlamydia notifications to Medicare‑rebated chlamydia tests, 2008–2016, by sex Source: Medicare; Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.1.17 Ratio of chlamydia notifications to Medicare‑rebated chlamydia tests, 2008–2016, by age group, men Source: Medicare, Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.1.18 Ratio of chlamydia notifications to Medicare‑rebated chlamydia tests, 2008–2016, by age group, women Source: Medicare, Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.1.19 Proportion of clinic attendees tested for chlamydia in a year, 2012–2016, by clinic type and population Note: General practice clinics include primary healthcare general practice clinics with a high caseload of gay and bisexual men. Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance).

Figure 3.1.20 Chlamydia retesting six weeks to six months following diagnosis at sexual health clinics, 2012–2016 Note: Includes diagnoses and testing at any anatomical site. Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance).

Figure 3.2.1 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.2 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.2.3 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by age group, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.4 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016 by age group, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.5 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.5 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Note: The Northern Territory is displayed on the right‑hand vertical axis. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.6 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by region of residence Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.7 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.8 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

Figure 3.2.9 Average age-standardised gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average gonorrhoea notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of gonorrhoea diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.2.9 Average age-standardised gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average gonorrhoea notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of gonorrhoea diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.2.10 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2012–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions (Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania) in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year.

Figure 3.2.11 Gonorrhoea notification rate per 100 000 population, 2012–2016, by state/territory and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes jurisdictions (Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania) in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year.

Figure 3.2.12 Gonorrhoea incidence in sexual health clinic attendees, 2010–2016, by population Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance).

Figure 3.2.13 The gonorrhoea diagnosis and care cascade in gay and bisexual men, 2016 Source: See Methodology for further details of mathematical modelling used to generate estimates.

Figure 3.2.14 Ratio of gonorrhoea notifications to Medicare‑rebated gonorrhoea tests, 2012–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; Medicare.

Figure 3.2.15 Ratio of gonorrhoea notifications to Medicare‑rebated gonorrhoea tests, 2012–2016, by age group, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; Medicare.

Figure 3.2.16 Ratio of gonorrhoea notifications to Medicare‑rebated gonorrhoea tests, 2012–2016, by age group, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; Medicare

Figure 3.2.17 Proportion of clinic attendees tested for gonorrhoea in a year, 2012–2016, by clinic type and population Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.2.18 Proportion of gonococcal isolates tested at the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, 2010–2016, by state/territory Note: Decreased susceptibility was defined as having an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) between 0.06 and 0.125 mg/L. Source: Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme

Figure 3.3.1 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.2 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.3 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group, males Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.4 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by year and age group, females Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.5 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.5 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Note: The Northern Territory is displayed on the right‑hand vertical axis. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.6 Infectious syphilis notifications per 100 000 population, 2007–2016, by region of residence Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.7 Average age-standardised infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (1/2) Note: Average infectious syphilis notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of infectious syphilis diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.3.7 Average age-standardised infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000 population, by statistical area level 3, 2014–2016, Australia and major cities (2/2) Note: Average infectious syphilis notification rates for the three-year period 2014–2016 were used to minimise the influence of fluctuation in the number of infectious syphilis diagnoses. Source: State and Territory Health Authorities

Figure 3.3.8 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2012–2016, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes all jurisdictions, as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year.

Figure 3.3.9 Infectious syphilis notification rate per 100 000, 2011‑2015, state/territory and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Includes all jurisdictions, as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was reported for ≥50% of diagnoses for each year.

Figure 3.3.10 Infectious syphilis incidence in sexual health clinic attendees, 2010–2016, by population Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.3.11 Congenital syphilis rate per 100 000 live births, 2007–2016, by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status Note: 2016 rates were based on the number of live births in 2015, as 2016 births data were not available at the time of reporting. Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Figure 3.3.12 Proportion of clinic attendees tested for syphilis in a year, 2012–2016, by clinic type and population Note: General practice clinics include primary healthcare general practice clinics with a high‑caseload of gay and bisexual men. Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.3.13 Average number of syphilis tests per year in gay and bisexual men, 2012–2016, by HIV status Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.4.1 Gay and bisexual men reporting comprehensive STI testing in the 12 months prior to the survey, 2007–2016 Note: Comprehensive testing is defined as the collection of samples of at least four of the following: anal swab, throat swab, penile swab, urine, blood. Source: Gay Community Periodic Surveys

Figure 3.4.2 Repeat comprehensive STI screen within 13 months of a test among gay and bisexual men attending sexual health clinics, 2012–2016, by HIV status Note: Repeat screening pertains to a retrospective 13‑month period. A comprehensive screen is defined as a test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea (any anatomical site), syphilis and HIV (among HIV‑negative gay and bisexual men). Source: ACCESS (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance)

Figure 3.5.1 Three‑dose HPV vaccination coverage for girls turning 15 years of age, 2007–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: National HPV Vaccination Program Register

Figure 3.5.1 Three‑dose HPV vaccination coverage for girls turning 15 years of age, 2007–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: National HPV Vaccination Program Register

Figure 3.5.2 Three‑dose HPV vaccination coverage for boys turning 15 years of age, 2013–2016, by state/territory (1/2) Source: National HPV Vaccination Program Register

Figure 3.5.2 Three‑dose HPV vaccination coverage for boys turning 15 years of age, 2013–2016, by state/territory (2/2) Source: National HPV Vaccination Program Register

Figure 3.5.3 Proportion of Australian‑born females diagnosed with genital warts at first visit at sexual health clinics, 2004–2016, by age group HPV vaccination for women launched Note: Excludes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females. Source: Genital Wart Surveillance Network

Figure 3.5.4 Proportion of Australian‑born heterosexual males diagnosed with genital warts at first visit at sexual health clinics, 2004–2016, by age group HPV vaccination for men launched Note: Excludes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. Source: Genital Wart Surveillance Network

Figure 3.5.5 Proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females diagnosed with genital warts at first visit at sexual health clinics, 2004–2016, by age group HPV vaccination for women launched Source: Genital Wart Surveillance Network

Figure 3.5.6 Proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males diagnosed with genital warts at first visit at sexual health clinics, 2004–2016, by age group HPV vaccination for men launched Source: Genital Wart Surveillance Network

Figure 3.5.7 Proportion of Australian‑born gay or bisexual men diagnosed with genital warts at first visit at sexual health clinics, 2004–2016 Note: Excludes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. Source: Genital Wart Surveillance Network

Figure 3.5.8 Detection of high‑grade abnormalities in women undergoing cervical cancer screening (Pap screening), 2006–2015, by age group Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Cervical screening in Australia 2014–201538; see Methodological notes for details.

Figure 3.6.1 Donovanosis notifications, 2007–2016, by sex Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Surveillance Microsite https://data.kirby.unsw.edu.au/