Environmental Thermal Engineering Lecture # 15 Min soo Kim Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

Overview and Desing of Building Air Condition System and T. A. B.

Overview and Design of BACS Building energy-saving technology T. A. B. Contents Overview and Design of BACS Building energy-saving technology T. A. B.

1. Overview and Design of Building Air Conditioning System

Comfort and Air conditioning Humans are originally weak and pursue comfort. Humans want proper temparature and humidity. But climate discord to this demand, so human's comfort is not easily realized. Human can not change the climate at specific region but only limited spaces such as home, office and building. Method of Air conditioning : heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, purifying, deodorization

Comfort and Air conditioning Temperature difference between human body(28~37oC) and pleasant one (23~25oC) Human feel comfort when appropriately emit heat. Comparing : Human vs Heat Engine Releasing wast heat is needed. (So we feel stuffiness in the packed subway) It’s the reason for using fan, air-conditioner heat-pump. Air-conditioning effect on work, study and even date(?).

Industrial Application of AC Electric Medical Environmental control at semiconductor Company Operation room MRI Cooling at medicine company Fiber Application Food Isothermal-isohumidity control at fiber company Food storage Food processing Freezing and cooling Macninery Heat treatment at metal company Space environment test facility Cooling measuring equipment Building Chemistry Office cooilng and heating Home cooling and heating Air conditioning Factory heating Freeze-drying Freezing and liquefying in process

Building Air Conditioning System Application BACS? It’s a system that include heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying and cleaning harmful particles to suit the purpose of the building.

Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design Object, Function, Size, Structure, Budget, Period

Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design Scope, Indoor Environment Methods, Budget Size and location of control room Layout of duct and pipe Data collection Master-plan, Outline, Budget bill

Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design Method of air conditioning Method of heating & cooling Calculating electric load Plecement plan of space and machinery A sheme drawing Outline specification

Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design Calculation of load and air volume Select appropriate equipment Designing and drafting duct and pipe Making budget bill

2. Building energy-saving technology

Building energy-saving Energy-saving Technology Load reducing Tech - Reducing load Building equipment Tech - Improve Efficiency - Optimal Operation Building’s energy consumption in Korea is 40%.

Type of technologies Load Reducing Tech Building Equipment Tech Heat load reducing Ventilation load reducing Lighting load reducing Using nature energy Combine designing system Equipment planning Heating system Heat transport Heat exchanging Electric equipment Control Technology

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Heat load reducing Ventilation load reducing Designing and choosing appropriate building skin and structure Improve Heat efficiency of Building “Double Skin” This building’s annual energy consumption is 74Mcal. General office building’s annual energy consumption is 300~350Mcal per 1㎡. - Korea Institute of Energy Research Minimize contamination Active use of nature ventilation Minimize heat lose during ventilation Use high-efficiency ventilator

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Lighting load reducing Lighting energy consumption is 30% of total energy use of building Nature lighting design & control - Use windows and doors Induction nature lighting system - Induce sunlight by using duct, light fiber 1. Example of nature lighting 2. Example of Light Shelves

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Using nature energy Combine designing system Solar heat (Nature, Equipment, Hybrid) Nature ventilation cooling Geothermal, underground water Wind energy Example of using geothermal - Gain energy by thermal difference between air and underground Placement plan Performance evaluation by simulation

Building energy-saving Building equipment Tech Technology for designing plan Technology for facilities for heat source Select proper air conditioning system Design optimized system for building Facility for heating source Facility for cooling source Facility for integrated source ( Heat pump, Heat storage system, Combined heat and power generation system) Example of heat storage

Building energy-saving Building equipment Tech Heat Transfer Heat exchange Electric Equipment Control Tech Machinery - Fan, Pump, Booster Line – Duct, Damper, Pipe, Valve Air Blower Pump Total exchanger, Sensible exchanger, Ondol(온돌), Heat recovering device Duct Heat Exchanger

3. T. A. B.

Definition of T.A.B. T. A. B.? Test, Adjusting, Balancing Testing medium(Air, Water)’s quality or quantity is appropriate to constructed facility Adjusting error Balancing facility system

Secure performance and quality of air Comfort of Indoor Environment Advantage of T.A.B. Energy saving Extension of life span Secure performance and quality of air Comfort of Indoor Environment Prevention of noise

Expected benefits of T.A.B. Initial investment saving Operation cost saving Construction quality increase Equipment life extension Renovation under Perfect Planning Compose comfortable environment Efficient operation management

Performing process order of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection T. A. B. Final Report

System Classification Air conditioner Variable/Constant air volume unit Air distribution system Heating/Ventilation unit Fan Duct & Duct mechanism Boiler & Refrigerator Cooling tower Water distribution system Heat exchanger Pump Pipe

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Understand and examine the air conditioning equipment by using design drawing, design bill and reference material. Find deficiencies and propose alternatives. One of the most important parts. Choosing the appropriate time is needed.

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. For smooth progress of T.A.B. process, write each system’s drawing and specification on reports(test, adjustment, evaluation) based on design drawing, design bill and reference material. Make it useful when system or field inspection is held.

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Check following points frequently Coincidence with designed drawing Coincidence with designed load Quality of construction Missing installation or poor quality Problems when unnecessary change occurs Electric status : Power, Voltage, Electric current, Rotation, Connection Record level on plates of equipment Automatic control system

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Major part of T.A.B. Work Technician should perform at field. It should implement after every details(include equipment setup) are done. Workers should repeatedly work until target building’s whole conditions become equilibrium.

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Air Distribution System

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution System Static pressure measurement : calculate air volume Total Pressure = Outlet Pressure – Inlet Pressure Static Pressure = Total Pressure – Velocity Pressure velocity pressure = Fan outlet air pressure corresponding to its speed Measure static pressure before and after coil and filter in air conditioner

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution System Distribute air at main, main branch and branch duct. Repeatedly adjust at terminal. Analyze sum of air volume at supply fan and terminal. Measure noise and consider a countermeasure when it exceed a regulated spec Write on the prescribed form Modify after consultation with the representative, and repeat the process until it is in perfect condition

Implementation process of T.A.B. System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Air Distribution System Water Distribution System

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution System Measure flux and pressure at pump Confirm that changing state is coincidence to performance curve Measure flux at branch main/line, coil and heat exchanger Measure temperature and pressure at inlet/outlet Measure flux and performance at terminal Repeatedly modify when abnormal situation If using automatic flux valve, manually open the valve to make maximum flux and adjust operating range of automatic flux valve.

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution System Water Distribution System System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Automatic Control System System should appropriately counteract to changes in outlet/inlet condition’s change. Check that system is appropriately installed to follow design intent. To smooth operation of air/water distribution system, ACS’s smooth operation is the most important factor.

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution System Water Distribution System System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Automatic Control System Control Temp & Humidity Control temperature and humidity to appropriate condition based on sensor installed at indoor or duct.

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution System Water Distribution System System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B. Automatic Control System Control Temp & Humidity Measure Noise Measure noise after whole installation is done.

Implementation process of T.A.B. After whole process, the person in charge need to write a final report of air-conditioner that include test, adjustment, evaluation, whole process. Building overview and function Overview of air conditioner Service’s purpose, organization, range and contents, period and schedule. Measured value, updated value, final adjustment value Problem and alternative solution Significant to report Photo of measurement equipment Photo of working field Other detail System Examination Preliminary Report Field Inspection Final Report T. A. B.

Example of final report of T.A.B. Measure and record of ventilator → One of air distribution system at final report