Chapter 32, Section 2 “Japan Strikes in the Pacific”

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan’s Southeast Asian Plans -if Japan conquered European colonies in Asia, American-controlled Philippine Islands & Guam threatened U.S. sent aid to China to stop Japanese advance Japan overran Indochina - FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan Isoroku Yamamoto called for attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii - it was a “dagger pointed at Japan’s throat” & must be destroyed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6h9h7ky0E Isoroku Yamamoto

Although Yamamoto argued for the attack on Pearl Harbor, he held no illusions about the war’s final outcome. He admitted to an aide, “In the first six to twelve months of a war with the United States and Britain, I will run wild and win victory after victory. After that, I have no expectation of success.”

Day of Infamy –December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii -sunk or damaged 19 ships; +2,300 killed + 1,100 wounded -declared by FDR, “a date which will live in infamy” http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm President Roosevelt speaking to Congress following the attacks on Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Tide of Japanese Victories Japanese attacked British colony of Hong Kong also attacked American-controlled Guam & Wake Island landed invasion force in Thailand

News footage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBuZQhDO-Nk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiC8OhSZMNg&feature=related

Japanese Victories British Possessions in Asia 1. Singapore surrendered to Japan 2. Japan conquered Dutch East Indies & Burma 3. Japan had control of +1 million square miles of Asian land a. about 150 million people lived in this area b. often treated people of new colonies w/ cruelty Disguised their intentions by dropping leaflets before attacks, proclaiming “Asians for Asians!”

Japanese Victories The Philippines -January 1942 – Japanese marched into Manila - American & Filipino took defense on Bataan Peninsula - after about 3 months of fighting, Japan took Bataan Peninsula General Douglas MacArthur promised, “I shall return,” to his troops left behind in the Philippines.

. . . Bataan Death March At dawn April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King, Jr., surrendered more than 75,000 starving and disease-ridden American soldiers, sailors, and Marines and their Filipino allies, to overwhelming Japanese forces. He inquired of the Japanese colonel to whom he tendered his pistol whether the Americans and Filipinos would be well treated. The Japanese aide-de-camp indignantly replied: “We are not barbarians.” The next 14 days would prove otherwise. T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

. . . Bataan Death March August, 1942 The men were marched 65 miles into Japanese Prisoner-of-War camps. (See “A Voice from the Past,” text p. 828) The 75,000 prisoners of war were bound, beaten, or killed by their Japanese captors. Some were bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion. Some were forced to dig their own graves and were buried alive. Only 56,000 prisoners reached camp alive. Thousands of them later died from malnutrition and disease. In August, 1945, the Russian Army liberated the prison camp. T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

about 70,000 prisoners started, only 54,000 survived Bataan Death March about 70,000 prisoners started, only 54,000 survived

The Allies Strike Back and Turn the Tide Doolittle’s Raid Battle of Coral Sea Battle of Midway

Doolittle’s Raid April, 1942 – 16 B-25 bombers under command of Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle bombed Tokyo & other Japanese cities did little damage- but showed that Japan could be attacked Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle

Battle of the Coral Sea New kind of Naval warfare Airplanes taking off from aircraft carriers attacked the ships Not a single shot fired from opposing ships Allies suffered more loses, but stopped Japan’s advance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB91oxi9fcs Was a draw, but Japan claimed victory

The Battle of Midway Allies aware Japanese were headed toward Midway Chester Nimitz – commander in chief of U.S. Pacific Fleet Nimitz allowed Japanese to begin assault American planes swooped in to attack Japanese fleet -332 Japanese planes, 4 aircraft carriers, & 1 support ship destroyed June 7, 1942 – battle was over turned the tide of war in the Pacific US outnumbered 4-1 in ships and planes Yamamoto himself, was aboard the largest battleship- in the world! Yamamoto hoped to finish off the US Pacific fleet, even hoping the American force would come from Pearl Harbor to defend the island Chester Nimitz Battle of Midway June, 1942

Allies Go on the Offensive Douglas MacArthur – commander of Allied land forces in Pacific war in Pacific involved vast distances MacArthur developed plan “island-hopping” bypass strongholds to strike weak points Use air power to cut supply lines and starve enemy troops “Hit ‘em where they aint, let ‘em die on the vine” General Douglas MacArthur

Battle of Guadalcanal Japan was building a huge air base on island U.S. Marines & Australian troops landed months of fighting on land & sea Japanese lost 24,000 of 36,000 soldiers Japanese called it “the Island of Death” Japan surprised by 19,000 allied troops Radio radioed to Tokyo, “Enemy forces overwhelming! We will defend our posts to the death!”

Essential Questions Why did President Franklin Roosevelt declare December 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy?” 2. What was General Douglas MacArthur’s “island-hopping” strategy?