Intelligence What qualities does someone have who is intelligent?

Intelligence Tests Intelligence: ability to think rationally, act purposefully, respond to environment Fluid reasoning: similar, impossible Knowledge: how things work, vocab Quantitative reasoning: #s, patterns Visual-spatial processing: shapes Working memory: order, last digits IQ (intelligence quotient) mental age / chronological age

Intelligence & Success What attributes are related to success? Intelligence, but also: Motivation Creativity

Where does intelligence come from? Heredity (about 50%) Genes for memory, brain structures, neuron communication, disorders Environment Prenatal: nutrition, drugs, stress, sounds Postnatal: nutrition, interaction, practice, enriched environment, disease, toxins, encouragement/pressure Adopted Twin Studies – who do we get intelligence from? best predictor = person who raised you

Units of Thought Thinking: mental representation attention, pattern recognition, memory, decision-making, intuition, knowledge Images: picture representations Ex. What you were wearing yesterday Ex. (Kinesthetic) remembering dialing Concepts: ideas that represent categories ex. cup, chair, cat Concept formation: classifying by rules Ex. vegetable vs. fruit

Concepts conjunctive concepts: at least 2 features (this and that) Ex. rollerskates relational concepts: compared to others Ex. sister disjunctive concepts: at least one Ex. a minority Thinking in concepts takes no effort, is immediate, and becomes automatic as we age

Prototypes prototypes: most typical representation Ex. muscle car What kind of music is this? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR30knJs4Xk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZXc39hT8t4&feature=arti stob&playnext=1&list=TLGBFlP9-ZwiI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0gRzVPMeW0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NhKK8Y-wIo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDprYZ-tgiA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x59kS2AOrGM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2Rch6WvPJE&feature=artis tob&playnext=1&list=TLov2Am8u_lzo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl4opbNt8_E

Activity Create conceptual rules of classifying music into types & pick a prototype Example: Bluegrass music conjunctive concepts: 2+ features Must have at least a banjo and guitar relational concepts: compared to others More “breakdowns” than country disjunctive concepts: at least one Uses a fiddle or mandolin or harmonica prototypes: most typical representation “Dueling Banjos” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8reNgcIVFU 1:15

Language Words and symbols used for thinking and communicating context: situation phonemes: sounds morphemes: syllables grammar: rules for meaning syntax: order of words

Learning Language Nonverbal gestures Words En route to language, deaf & hearing Share objects, share info, requests, show emotion Words Sensitive period: time when learning is done without effort 9:22-11:24 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSKsID4B VPg&feature=related

Discussion What is the difference between language and communication? Video: Monkey talks bricks

Problem Solving Solutions Mechanical: trial & error Reach a banana Understanding: nature of the problem Hair colorist Heuristics: limit possible solutions Math – greatest common factor Insight: mental reorganization; sudden realization tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySMh1mBi3cI

Barriers to Problem Solving emotional barriers: fear of mistakes speaking up in a group cultural barriers: values that inhibit creativity culture which values harmony over innovation learned barriers / functional fixedness: conventions, meanings, possibilities exfoliator perceptual barriers: habits, fixed approaches approaching a relationship problem

Creative Thinking Creativity Fluency (#) Flexibility (types) Originality (new)

Problems with Intuition Intuition: quick, emotional response When is intuition inaccurate? Representativeness: fits our idea accountant Odds OUR scratcher Emotion medicine Framing majority vs. 51%

Discussion How should college admissions be granted? What kinds of intelligence should be emphasized?