Overview and Aftermath The Holocaust Overview and Aftermath

The Jewish population in Europe, starting in Germany would come under attack during the years 1933-1945 Of the 11 million Jews that lived in Europe during this time the Nazis would murder over 6 million Jews This genocide is known as the Holocaust Overview

1933 Hitler is appointed to Chancellor 1933 Enabling Act is passed- giving Hitler the power to rule by emergency decree 1933 March Nazis open Dachau concentration camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhasen near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbruck for women. 1933 April  Germans told to boycott Jewish Shops 1934 The Night of long knives occurs as Hitler, Göring and Himmler conduct a purge of the SA (storm trooper) leadership

1935 Nuremburg laws are passed Jews no longer allowed to be German citizens Jews not allowed to have sexual- relationships with non Jews Jews not allowed to marry non-Jews 1936  Jews banned from ‘Professional’ jobs 1937 Jews banned from working in any political or governmental job 1938 Germany and Austria are united- Austrian Jews now persecuted all Jewish passports stamped with a Red J

1938 Kristallnacht- Night of Broken Class Night of violence towards Jews 100 Jews murdered 20,000 Jews sent to concentration camps Synagogues, homes and businesses burned Jews forced to pay a fine for Kristallnacht 1938 Jews banned from state schools/cinemas/ public places Jews forced to close down and sell their businesses 1939German occupation of Czech starts Germany invades Poland Jews in Poland and Czech begin to be persecuted All Jews in Nazi controlled territory forced to wear yellow start

1940 Germany invades Holland and Denmark, Belgium and Norway Persecution in these countries begins Auschwitz opens Warsaw Ghetto is sealed off in Poland 400,000 Jews inside 1941 Germany invades USSR All Jews now have to wear yellow star Western Jews deported to Polish Ghettos Gassing of Jews start at Chelmno- first death camp 1942 Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka and Auschwitz Death camps begin mass murdering Jews Mass deportation of Western Jews to Auschwitz

1944 Hungarian Jews begin to be deported to Auschwitz 1943 Death camps at Chelmno and Treblinka finish their work – camps are torn down and replanted with trees 1944 Hungarian Jews begin to be deported to Auschwitz 1945- Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz British and American forces liberate western Concentration camps

Death toll of the Holocaust The single most important thing to keep in mind when attempting to document numbers of victims of the Holocaust is that no one master list of those who perished exists anywhere in the world. What follows are the current best estimates of civilians and disarmed soldiers killed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. These estimates are calculated from wartime reports generated by those who implemented Nazi population policy, and postwar demographic studies on population loss during World War II. National Holocaust Museum Death toll of the Holocaust

Death toll Number of Deaths Jews: up to 6 million Soviet civilians: around 7 million (including 1.3 Soviet Jewish civilians, who are included in the 6 million figure for Jews) Soviet prisoners of war: around 3 million (including about 50,000 Jewish soldiers) Non-Jewish Polish civilians: around 1.8 million (including between 50,000 and 100,000 members of the Polish elites) Serb civilians (on the territory of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina): 312,000 People with disabilities living in institutions: up to 250,000 Roma (Gypsies): 196,000–220,000 Jehovah's Witnesses: Around 1,900 Repeat criminal offenders and so-called asocials: at least 70,000 German political opponents and resistance activists in Axis-occupied territory: undetermined Homosexuals: hundreds, possibly thousands (possibly also counted in part under the 70,000 repeat criminal offenders and so-called asocials noted above) Death toll

Jewish Loss by Location of Death With regard to the number of Jews who died in the Holocaust, best estimates for the breakdown of Jewish loss according to location of death follow: Auschwitz complex (including Birkenau, Monowitz, and subcamps): approximately 1 million Treblinka 2: approximately 925,000 Belzec: 434,508 Sobibor: at least 167,000 Chelmno: 156,000–172,000 Shooting operations around southern German-occupied Poland (the so-called Government General): at least 200,000 Shooting operations in German-annexed western Poland (District Wartheland): at least 20,000 Deaths in other facilities that the Germans designated as concentration camps: at least 150,000 Gas wagons at hundreds of locations in the German-occupied Soviet Union: at least 1.3 million Shooting operations in the Soviet Union: approximately 55,000 Shooting operations and gas wagons in Serbia: at least 15,088 Shot or tortured to death in Croatia under the Ustaša regime: 23,000–25,000 Deaths in ghettos: at least 800,000 Jewish Loss by Location of Death

Aftermath of the Holocaust Get into groups 5 or 6 For each activity there will be a central question that your group must answer Along with the Central question, you will need to answer all the other questions. Areas to be discussed Where did they go? Holding Nazi high ranking officials accountable Impact on the World. Aftermath of the Holocaust