War in the Pacific Theater Ch. 25, section 4

The Japanese Advance As the Japanese made their attack on Pearl Harbor they were advancing on other positions in the Pacific. Wake Island, the Philippines The Japanese Imperial Army invaded mainland China during this time

The Battle of Midway June 4, 1942 Japanese Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku and American Admiral Chester Nimitz. Vital for it strategic location in the Pacific and protecting the United States. Major American victory Japanese were not able to launch another offensive in the Pacific.

Island Hopping The strategy of choosing important islands by bypassing others. This tactic allowed the United States to launch bombing attacks on Japanese cities.

Battle of Iwo Jima Iwo Jima will allow the Americans to expand their bombings of Japan. The Japanese will try to inflict as many casualties as possible by digging in. Iwo Jima takes five weeks to capture. Only 216 Japanese soldiers are captured out of around 20,000.

Battle of Okinawa 350 miles from Japan. Japanese pledged to fight to the death: kamikaze attacks and banzai charges. American forces suffered around 50,000 casualties. Only 7,200 Japanese soldiers were captured out of almost 100,000.

The Manhattan Project Einstein’s letter to Franklin Roosevelt Manhattan Project was created by Roosevelt to develop an atomic bomb Field tested in New Mexico on July 16,1945. What should we do?

Ending the War The decision is made to drop the bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Enola Gay Hiroshima was devastated from the explosion Three days later, Nagasaki was bombed On August 14, the Japanese surrendered. The Emperor split the tie. The formal surrender took place on September 2, 1945 on the U.S.S. Missouri

The Holocaust Ch. 25, section 3

Persecution in Germany The Holocaust was the systematic murder of European Jews. What does systematic mean? About two-thirds of the Jewish population in Europe will be eliminated. Hitler instituted the Nuremberg Laws, anti-Semitic laws in Germany and eventually in conquered territories. Persecution extended into Nazi held territories with Einsatzgruppen, or killing squads. Reserve Police Battalion 101

Concentration Camps Hitler used the SS, or Schutzstaffel, which served as his elite bodyguard to administer the concentration camps. Concentration camps were set up to confine people that were deemed as “undesirable” to live in Nazi Germany. Kristallnacht, “Night of the Broken Glass,” is an example of an early action of arresting Jews and sending them to concentration camps.

“The Final Solution” Wannsee Conference took place in 1942 to answer the question of how to deal with the Jews. Reinhard Heydrich, Heinrich Himmler It was decided to construct camps in Poland specifically for the purpose of murder, death camps. What is genocide? Zyklon B, the poison gas chosen by the Nazis to most effectively eliminate people in death camps. Auschwitz is the most famous. Around 1.5 million Jews killed.

Holocaust Statistics Jewish victims: Total Jewish Victims = 5,962,000 Polish-Soviet area = 4,100,000 Germany = 200,000 Hungary = 596,000 Czechoslovakia = 277,000 Total Jewish Victims = 5,962,000 An additional 11 million people have been estimated to have been killed during the Holocaust

Nuremberg Trials An International Military Tribunal met to charge former Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity, known as the Nuremberg Trials. United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France. 24 Nazi officials were put on trial. 12 were executed. Most claimed that they were “following orders”