Henry VII Henry had won the battle of Bosworth. He tried to bring peace Some say that he ordered the murder of the ‘Princes in the Tower’ https://youtu.be/yVRPVzGb0a0 Published on 13 Oct 2010 Clip from the History File, which discusses the life and reign of King Henry VII of England, also known as "Henry Tudor" https://youtu.be/-3AzwCaVWWA

His Priorities You are 27, you have won a decisive victory, the old King is dead, and now it's all up to you You have been brought up in Wales and Brittany, you have spent weeks not years in England; you have no experience of government, and you have only ever had a small household of your own. You have hardly any money.. It's worth thinking about what your priorities would be if you had been Henry on 28th August 1485

The problems faced by Henry VII during his time as King.  Became king by killing Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Possibility that others could do the same to him.  Nobles had become very powerful during the War of the Roses.  Henry had no money. Spent on the War of the Roses.  Nobles had private armies….the king was not in control of these soldiers.  Needed to make peace between the warring houses of Lancaster and York.  France, Scotland and Spain were potential enemies and threats.  After thirty years of war there had been a breakdown of law and order. Soldiers were roaming about committing crimes.  Henry had to face Rebellions in 1486, 1487 and 1497.

In order to reach a substantiated judgement about this issue, candidates may argue that Henry VII dealt successfully with the problems he faced during his reign. • Henry VII married Elizabeth of York to help establish the dynasty • a peace treaty with France and marriage alliances with Scotland and Spain avoided expensive foreign wars • to strengthen law and order, Justices of the Peace were given new powers to arrest suspects and try them for many crimes except treason • the keeping of a private army was forbidden. The only individual that could now raise an army was the king • nobles and opponents were confronted and dealt with most severely. Their lands were confiscated and leaders were executed • Henry organized an efficient system of finance to collect money from customs duties, forced loans and land revenues • he left his son a country that was solvent, was not racked by faction and which was respected by a number of major European powers

Candidates might consider challenging the proposition in the question by arguing that in some respects Henry VII was less successful. The response might consider issues such as: • Henry's financial policies provoked rioting in Yorkshire 1489 and rebellion in Cornwall 1497 • he was also unpopular due to his reputation for grasping economics such as forced loans • in foreign policy he was not always successful - his exclusion from the League of Cambrai; his failure to preserve the independence of Brittany; the problems created with Spain after the death of Arthur

How did Henry VII manage to make the monarchy strong, powerful and wealthy.  Powerful Nobles: Henry made the nobles give him “LOANS” of large sums of money. Henry did not repay these loans. This INCREASED Henry‟s wealth and DECREASED the wealth and power of the Nobility. Henry outlawed private armies. All soldiers were then commanded by the King. The Court of Star Chamber was created specifically for nobles that committed crimes. Henry was the Judge. The punishments were huge fines.  France, Scotland and Spain: He made political marriages for children with each of these countries. This turned enemies into friends (allies). He arranged a marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (Spain) when he signed the treaty of Medina del Campo in 1489. The treaty of Etaples in 1492 made peace between England and France and eventually led to a marriage between Henry's daughter, Mary, and the heir to the French throne. The Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland made in 1502 arranged for Henry's eldest daughter, Mary to marry the King of Scotland.  Making peace: Married Elizabeth of York to bring York and Lancaster together. Tudor Rose. Gave a pardon to Yorkists in return for their loyalty.  Money: Kept England out of wars. Tax collection-he made the system more organised and efficient. He took a personal interest in tax collection- he signed the accounts!. “Loans” taken from nobles. Huge fines in Star Chamber. Treaties with Spain and France encouraged trade as well as arranging marriages. Taxes were ruthlessly collected ending with Henry getting the reputation as being a King that loved money above all other things.  Law and order: Henry strengthened the Law by creating Justices of the Peace (local judges) who had the power to arrest suspects and put them on trial.  Rebellions: He fought rebellions and executed their leaders. He showed that he was not to be challenged.

Elizabeth of York Elizabeth was the daughter of Edward IV Her brothers were the ‘Princes in the Tower Richard III (her uncle) had tried to marry her

ASSESSMENT GRID FOR SECTION A QUESTIONS Target: AO1 Total mark: 30 Focus: Demonstrate, organise and communicate knowledge and understanding to analyse and evaluate key features relating to the periods studied making substantial judgements and exploring relevant concepts. Band Mark Descriptor 6 26-30 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise a high degree of accurate, relevant and detailed historical knowledge • demonstrate well-focussed understanding in their analysis and evaluation of the specific issue set • clearly arrive at a substantiated and supported judgement • provide answers which are coherent, fluent and well-organised with good spelling, punctuation and grammar 4 16-20 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise accurate and relevant historical knowledge • demonstrate valid analysis and evaluation of the issue in the question set • reach a balanced judgement with some valid support • provide answers which are clearly expressed with most parts showing clarity and coherence and appropriate spelling, punctuation and grammar 5 21-25 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise accurate, relevant and detailed historical knowledge • demonstrate appropriate understanding in analysing and evaluating the specific issue • reach a balanced judgement with valid and appropriate support • provide answers which show good organisation, structure and spelling, punctuation and grammar 11-15 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise mostly accurate and relevant historical knowledge • demonstrate mostly appropriate but inconsistent analysis and evaluation of the issue in the question set • offer an imbalanced judgement with some support • provide answers which show some expression and organisation with appropriate spelling, punctuation and grammar 2 6-10 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate historical knowledge that is limited in accuracy and relevance • offer an undeveloped analysis of the issue in the question set • offer a judgement with very limited support • provide an answer that has some coherence and accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar 1 1-5 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate material related to the topic area that is brief or very limited in scope • convey some meaning with some accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar Award 0 for incorrect or irrelevant answers

ASSESSMENT GRID FOR SECTION A QUESTIONS Target: AO1 Total mark: 30 Focus: Demonstrate, organise and communicate knowledge and understanding to analyse and evaluate key features relating to the periods studied making substantial judgements and exploring relevant concepts. Band Mark Descriptor 6 26-30 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise a high degree of accurate, relevant and detailed historical knowledge • demonstrate well-focussed understanding in their analysis and evaluation of the specific issue set • clearly arrive at a substantiated and supported judgement • provide answers which are coherent, fluent and well-organised with good spelling, punctuation and grammar 4 16-20 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise accurate and relevant historical knowledge • demonstrate valid analysis and evaluation of the issue in the question set • reach a balanced judgement with some valid support provide answers which are clearly expressed with most parts showing clarity and coherence and appropriate spelling, punctuation and grammar 5 21-25 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise accurate, relevant and detailed historical knowledge • demonstrate appropriate understanding in analysing and evaluating the specific issue • reach a balanced judgement with valid and appropriate support • provide answers which show good organisation, structure and spelling, punctuation and grammar 3 11-15 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate and organise mostly accurate and relevant historical knowledge • demonstrate mostly appropriate but inconsistent analysis and evaluation of the issue in the question set • offer an imbalanced judgement with some support • provide answers which show some expression and organisation with appropriate spelling, punctuation and grammar Spot the difference! 2 6-10 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate historical knowledge that is limited in accuracy and relevance • offer an undeveloped analysis of the issue in the question set • offer a judgement with very limited support • provide an answer that has some coherence and accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar 1 1-5 Generally for this band, candidates will: • demonstrate material related to the topic area that is brief or very limited in scope • convey some meaning with some accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar Award 0 for incorrect or irrelevant answers

Prince Arthur Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth He had a brother Henry and two sisters called Mary and Margaret He died aged 15 after marrying Catherine of Aragon

Margaret Eldest daughter of Henry VII married James IV of Scotland This line of the family led to the succession of James VI/I (Stuart) JAMES IV of Scotland

Lord Francis Lovell’s revolt The first of the rebellions against Henry VII was led by Francis Lovell. Henry VII sent the Duke of Bedford sent with 3,000 men to York to meet Lovell’s army of 3,000. No battle was fought, a peaceful solution was agreed

Family tree Richard of York EDWARD IV George Duke of Clarence RICHARD III Edward Richard Elizabeth EDWARD V

Aim: Who was Lambert Simnel? Make chart that looks like this (6 rows, 3 columns): Influence from: What did he or she do? What happened to them? Richard Symonds Earl of Warwick Earl of Kildare Margaret of Burgundy John de la Pole Now write a sentence to say how Lambert Simnel was punished.

Richard Symonds A priest called Richard Symonds trains a young boy called Lambert Simnel to take the identity of Edward V. Later Simnel takes the identity of Edward Plantagenet, son of George duke of Clarence because a rumour was spread that Edward had escaped from the Tower

Family tree- Earl of Warwick Richard of York EDWARD IV George Duke of Clarence RICHARD III Edward Richard Elizabeth EDWARD V

Ireland-Earl of Kildare Lambert Simnel arrives in Ireland He is accepted by the Earl of Kildare. Lambert Simnel is crowned in Dublin as Edward VI. An army is raised to invade England

Margaret of Burgundy Margaret of Burgundy was the sister of Edward IV. She had married the Duke of Burgundy. She was wealthy and was able to provide soldiers to help Lambert Simnel. Her soldiers were sent with their commander Martin Swart to Ireland. The army prepared to attack England.

Battle of Stoke- John de la Pole Lambert Simnel had support from Margaret of Burgundy a sister of Edward IV. An army led by John de la Pole and Martin Swart came from Ireland. Henry VII defeated the army at Stoke. John de la Pole was killed. Richard Symonds was captured and put into prison

Lambert Simnel-Punishment Henry VII had the real Earl of Warwick in the Tower. Henry paraded him in the streets of London. Lambert was made to work in the royal kitchens. Warwick was later executed

Aim: Life of Perkin Warbeck

Family tree P Richard of York EDWARD IV George Duke of Clarence RICHARD III Edward Richard Elizabeth EDWARD V

Perkin Warbeck (3)E,R In 1491 the people of Cork in Ireland are amazed to see a 17 year old apprentice that looks like Edward IV The apprentice has come to sell silk with his master Pregent Meno The earls of Desmond and Kildare are delighted to support him against Henry VII

Warbeck gains support(5)K,I,N Warbeck travels to France and the Netherlands Henry VII spy Sir Robert Clifford finds evidence that William Stanley has supported the plot. William Stanley is executed Henry halts the wool trade with the Netherlands with the ‘Magnus Incursus’ Support from Burgundy and Charles VIII of France allows Warbeck to invade England. He attempts to land in Kent.

Margaret of Burgundy W,A Margaret of Burgundy was amazed that Perkin Warbeck looked like her brother Edward IV. The emperor Maximilian also decided to give soldiers to support Perkin Warbeck’s cause.

Warbeck tries again(3)R Warbeck sails to Ireland again after the failed invasion at Deal He and earl of Desmond attack Waterford Warbeck moves to Scotland where he is welcomed

Warbeck in Scotland(3B,E) James IV of Scotland finds Warbeck a wife. They invade England but there is no support. Henry raises taxes to fight the invading army

The execution of Warbeck(5)C,K The extra tax leads to a rebellion in Cornwall Warbeck arrives He is defeated at Taunton and taken to the Tower He and Edward Plantagenet try to escape. They are both executed

Rebellion by the people We pay too much TAX!! The Kings rules are NOT FAIR!!!

The King does NOT rule properly Rebellion by nobles He is Not the true king The King does NOT rule properly

A Successful Rebellion Help from another country A good leader A Threat to the King’s power Good support and spreads to other areas Make Henry VII change his plans PRESS for Success

Tomb of Henry VII(2)