Urbanization Ancient Cities

When did Urbanization appear? Mesopotamia 4500 B.C. Nile Valley 3200 B.C. Indus Valley 3000 B.C. Huang Ho 2500 B.C. Andean Region 2000 B.C. Mesoamerica 1500 B.C.

Urban Hearth Areas http://www.asukacruise.co.jp/download/img/1280960/world_map.jpg

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/m/mesopotamian.html

Irrigation / agriculture Irrigation from Mesopotamia http://acl.arts.usyd.edu.au/projects/earth/images/stories/earth/research/SouthernArabaValley/avner1.jpg Irrigation from Peru http://www.mesoweb.com/reports/caral/peru2_z6.jpg

Agriculture

Specialized labor Pottery http://www.ebr.lib.la.us/teens/images/teacher%20-%20use%20this%20one.jpg

Features of an ancient city Symbolic Centers were seen as the center of the world. Cities were laid out to match the four cardinal directions. Cities were laid in spatial harmony, so the human world would be aligned with the universe.

 The Symbolic center was located in the center of the city. The symbolic center was seen as the center of the world. The symbolic center was usually walled from the rest of the city. The center was dominated by the religious temple and/or palace. The granary was usually found close by.

Another Symbolic Center http://teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/ltrupe/ART%20History%20Web/final/chap2NearEast/Ziggurat.jpg

Sargon http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/m/images/mesapot_sargon_khorsab_lg.jpg

Functions of Ancient Cites Protection Places to gather surplus food Distribution center Place of Religious center Center of Authority (king) Provide law and order

Knosso-palace-air on the island of Crete Gathering and Distribution Center Knosso-palace-air on the island of Crete http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST210/Sept23/knossos-palace-air.jpg

Lion Gate at Mycenae Walled cities were used for protection The blocks were so big Greeks thought Cyclopes most have built these cities.

Another view

Mycenae Kingly possessions tomb

Code of Hammurabi Rule of Law