The Skeletal System The Skull

The Bones of the Skull Apart of the Axial Skeleton Composed of the Cranial and the Facial bones The Cranium: 1 Frontal 2 Parietal 2 Temporal 1 Occipital 1 Ethmoid 1 Sphenoid

The Axial Skeleton: The Skull Functions of the Cranium: The Frontal Lobes – Located most anterior and right under the forehead Initiates activity in response to the environment and how we know what we are doing (Consciousness). Judgments we make Assigns meaning to the words we choose Involves word associations Memory for habits and motor activities Controls our emotional response Problems – Loss of simple movement of various body parts, inability to focus on tasks and express language, changes in social behavior & difficulty problem solving.

The Axial Skeleton: The Skull Functions of the Cranium: 2. The Parietal Lobes – Located near the top and the back of the head. Goal directed voluntary movements Location for touch perception Location for visual attention Manipulation of objects Integration of different senses that allows for understanding a single concept Problems Inability to name an object, problems with reading, doing math, and lack of awareness of certain body parts & or surroundings space

The Axial Skeleton: The Skull Functions of the Cranium: 3. The Occipital Lobes – Located in the most posterior, at the back of the head. Goal is Vision Problems – Defects vision, difficulty with location objects in environment, word blindness or inability to recognize words and movement of objects and difficulty reading and writing.

The Axial Skeleton: The Skull Functions of the Cranium 4. The Temporal Lobes – located side of the head, above the ears. Hearing ability Memory acquisition Some visual perceptions Categorization of objects Problems – Difficulty recognizing faces and identification of and verbalization about objectives, understanding spoken words, and disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear and short-term memory loss, interference with long-term memory, right lobe damage can cause persistent talking lastly increased aggressive behavior

The Bones of The Skull: Cranium and Face

The Facial Bones There are 14 facial bones: Mandible – lower jaw 2 Maxilla – upper Jaw 2 Zygomatic - Cheek 2 Palatine – hard palate or roof of the mouth 5 Nasal Cavity 2 Lacrimal - Inner aspects of the eyes Sinuses – are spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice. They are lined with mucus membranes. Foramina – openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.

The Skull – Facial Bone Structure

The Sutures These are areas where the cranial bones have joined together The Coronal Suture Squamous Suture Lambdoid Suture Sagittal Suture