Receiver Performance & Characteristics David J. Zuzin IEEE Communications Society September 19, 2017

Welcome! Standard receiver performance characteristics. Measurement techniques. Performance effects on the quality of service. Analysis of a real receiver system.

decibels Power ratio: 𝑑𝐵= 10 log 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑖 Voltage ratio: 𝑑𝐵= 20 log 𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑖 dBm (dB with respect to 1 mW. (In a 50Ω system) dBµV (dB with respect to 1 µV. (In a 50Ω system) 0 dBm = 1 mW 0 dBµV = 1 µV

Signals in the time domain Where 𝐴 is amplitude, 𝜔=2𝜋𝑓, and 𝜑 is a phase shift

Signals in the frequency domain Discrete Fourier Transform 𝑋 𝑘 = 𝑛=0 𝑁−1 𝑥 𝑛 cos 2𝜋𝑛𝑘 𝑁 −𝑗 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑘 𝑁 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡

Phase Noise Jitter in the zero crossing of the sine wave Time domain Frequency domain

Frequency conversion Non-linear components, such as diodes, are square-law devices over a predicable bias region. cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = 1 2 cos 𝐴+𝐵 + cos 𝐴−𝐵 𝑓 3 = 𝑓 1 , 𝑓 2 , 𝑓 1 + 𝑓 2 , 𝑓 1 − 𝑓 2 , 𝑓 2 − 𝑓 1 , 2 𝑓 1 ,2 𝑓 2 ,…

Commercial FM radio Superheterodyne Receiver

Sensitivity Minimum Discernable Signal (MDS) 𝑀𝐷𝑆 𝑑𝐵𝑚 =−174+10 log 𝐵 𝑛 +𝑁𝐹

Dynamic Range Two-Tone test Blocking signal does not affect the MDS

Blocking Dynamic Range Blocking Dynamic Range (BDR) Blocking signal reduces MDS by 1 dB

IMD Dynamic Range Two-Tone Third-Order IMD Dynamic Range Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)

IMD Dynamic Range Commercial FM Radio

Intercept Points Intercept Points (Third Order and Second Order) IP3 IP2

Intercept Points IP2 and IP3 are calculated values

IF and Image Rejection 1st I.F. and Image Frequency are injected at the RF Input

Additional Tests Group Delay =− 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜔 LO Leakage Max Input Power RF Input Port VSWR Inherent Spurious Response Tuning Speed EMI/EMC tests FCC Regulatory tests

Test Setup

Quality of Service Modulation System Architecture Environment

Phase Noise measurement

Icom IC-746 Pro From May 2002 QST, copyright ARRL. Used with permission.

IP2 demonstration

Questions for Further Discussion?

Thank you!