Nationalism, Sectionalism, & the Era of Good Feelings Unit III

NATIONALISM: AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” What is NATIONALISM? First, let’s define NATION. A large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, living in a particular area. NATIONALISM is extreme loyalty or devotion to your nation (right or wrong). Why was nationalism on the rise at this time in U.S. history? REASONS: Success in War of 1812 Nationalist economics: Henry Clay’s American System Boost in federal power from Judiciary American art and literature flourish

Sectionalism What is SECTIONALISM? First, let’s define REGION. Part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries Some REASONS: Differing economies: Industrial (North) vs. Agricultural (South) Issues over slavery Differences in population growth (Immigration ) Development of cities in the North Add picture! Add definition! SECTIONALISM is an exaggerated devotion or allegiance to the interests of a region (the North vs. the South).

The “Era of Good Feelings”: American Nationalism 1812-1855

EQ: How did domestic & foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times? Economic What nationalistic economic policies surfaced during the 1820’s? The American System, developed by Senator Henry Clay

Henry’s Clay’s American System consisted of three main policies: Protective tariffs Building new roads & canals to link the states (Atlantic & Midwest) Establish Second Bank of the U.S. How do each of these policies promote nationalism?

What new inventions are being used in each region? Henry Clay’s American System Food stuffs to feed workers NE Manufactured Goods Manufactured goods West Food Stuffs Manufactured goods Raw materials to cities Migration South Raw Materials (cotton) What new inventions are being used in each region?

Nationalism also influenced art & literature Cultural Nationalism also influenced art & literature Literature – American Renaissance James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans First American to make a career as a novelist Webster’s American Dictionary Novelists expressed pride in the new nation and its immense potential

Cultural Artists – Depicted America’s beautiful landscape Hudson River School Group of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict the beauty of nature and reflect the spirit of nationalism How do these images reflect nationalism?

Election of 1816 James Monroe – DR, VA

4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia The Virginia Dynasty 4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia Monroe is the last of the “Founding Fathers to be President

Told Europe colonization was over The Monroe Doctrine Told Europe colonization was over Western Hemisphere is under American control Example of American Nationalism

Political John Quincy Adams (President Monroe’s Secretary of State) promotes national expansion Adams-Onis Treaty US gains Florida from Spain, open to settlement Monroe Doctrine Latin American nations gained independence from European countries Warned European countries to stay out of Latin America How do these policies reflect nationalism?

Supreme Court rulings under John Marshall Domestic Supreme Court rulings under John Marshall Chief Justice from 1801 to 1835 Favored a strong federal government, gave more power to the federal government McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Denied the right of a state to tax a federal agency (a national bank) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Upheld congressional power to regulate commerce between states (NY steamboat monopoly) How did these decisions reflect nationalism?

Sectionalism – Differences Between the North and South EQ – How did the North and South differ during the early 1800s?

Sectional Differences Emerge Missouri Territory applies for statehood Why is this a problem? There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balance Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri = slave Maine = free (split from Massachusetts) 36-30 line: north= free, south = slave

North South Economy Agricultural, slavery Industrialized Differences between North and South North South Industrialized Economy Agricultural, slavery

North South Pop. Growth & Citizens Differences between North and South North South -Population grew quickly -Middle class -Working class -Immigrants face prejudice Pop. Growth & Citizens -Lower population -Slower population growth -Lower education

Cities, Develop., & Indust. Differences between North and South North South -Industrialization spread quickly -Factories -Cities grew Cities, Develop., & Indust. -Few large cities -Limited regional development -Slavery spread, plantations grow

What common interests and similarities do these two regions share? -Both rely on cotton crop -King Cotton -Both rely on new technology -Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) makes cotton profitable

American Land Expansion 1789-1819 American Land Expansion

Vermont (1791)

Kentucky (1792)

The Treaty of Greenville (1795) Cleared 2/3 of Ohio/Indian of Indian Tribes British abandon NW Territory, flee to Canada

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Normalized relations with Spain USA gains free access to Mississippi River

Tennessee (1796)

Ohio (1803)

Louisiana (1812)

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Settled all border disputes between the USA and Spain Florida and Western lands were purchased for $5 million