Photosynthesis And the Calvin Cycle Biology

Vocabulary Granum Stroma Thylakoid

Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Process by which plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to produce sugar (and oxygen). Basic Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis Experiments 1600’s – Van Helmont Determined that mass gained during plant growth does NOT come from the soil. He concluded it must come from the water he added. 1700’s – Preistly Determined that plants release oxygen 1700’s – Ingenhousz Building on Preistly’s work, he determined that oxygen was only produced in the presence of light.

Photosynthesis Equation in Detail Chemical Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP + NADPH Glucose continues to be processed into ATP. ATP utilized as energy for reactions NADPH used in later photosynthesis reactions Oxygen released for use in aerobic reactions How do plants USE these raw materials?

2) The Calvin Cycle (AKA The Dark Reaction) Overview of Reactions 1) The Light Reaction Reactants H2O Light NADP+ ADP + P Products ATP NADPH O2 2) The Calvin Cycle (AKA The Dark Reaction) CO2 ATP NADPH Sugar NADP+ ADP + P

Location of Reactions Thylakoid: Pancake-like disc, location of the light reaction Granum: A collection or stack of thylakoids Stroma: Gel-like space outside the thylakoid, location of the Calvin Cycle

Location of Reactions Chloroplast Water O2 Sugars CO2 Stroma Thylakoid NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Stroma Thylakoid

What is NADPH / NADP+ ? NADPH is a co-enzyme that is an electron carrier. It exists in two forms: 1) NADPH has the electron 2) NADP+ lacks the electron Briefly introduce, but DON’t Hold accountable! NGSS

Two Sets of Reactions Light dependent reactions: use light to store energy in carrier molecules (ATP, NADPH)

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 1) What is water needed for? To make O2 in presence of light during the light-dependent reaction Water O2 Sugars CO2 Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Animation

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 2) What product is released at the end of the light reaction? Oxygen Water O2 Sugars CO2 Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 3) What two high energy molecules are produced by the light reaction Water O2 Sugars CO2 ATP & NADPH Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

Two Sets of Reactions Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): Uses energy from light dependent reactions to produce sugars

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 4) What is carbon dioxide needed for? Water O2 Sugars CO2 Provides Carbon to make sugar in the Calvin Cycle Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 5) What product is made at the end of the Calvin Cycle? Water O2 Sugars CO2 Sugar (Glucose) Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 6) What two low energy molecules are produced at the end of the Calvin Cycle? Water O2 Sugars CO2 Chloroplast ADP + P NADP+ Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

Location of Reactions The light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membranes. The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma. The light – dependent reaction requires energy from the sun

10) Which part of photosynthesis uses ATP to make energy? The Calvin Cycle Water O2 Sugars CO2 What kind of energy storage molecule is made using the energy from ATP? Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugar