Western Colonialism and Imperialism in Asia.

Imperialism debrief 1. What did that experience feel like? Describe your feelings/thoughts. 2. Looking at the definition at the top of your paper, in what ways was this experience similar to imperialism? 3. What historical examples can you think of where people have had to experience this in their own countries?

How did Asians face the challenges brought about by Western colonialism and imperialism?

Western Colonialism EVENTS METHODS LAUNCHING OF THE CRUSADES MARCO POLO’S TRAVELS SEARCH FOR A NEW TRADE ROUTE AGE OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY BELIEF IN MERCANTILISM METHODS INDIRECT CONTROL DIRECT CONTROL

Launched from 1096 to 1273 Objective: To reclaim Jerusalem 1. CRUSADES Launched from 1096 to 1273 Objective: To reclaim Jerusalem

His book was an “advertisement” of Asia and its riches 2. MARCO POLO His book was an “advertisement” of Asia and its riches

To gain a foothold on Asian spices and commodities 3. NEW ROUTE To gain a foothold on Asian spices and commodities

4. Age of Exploration and Discovery Began in 1450 and ended in 1650 This was the time when Europeans started travelling to: Discover new lands Discover new trade routes

4. Age of Exploration and Discovery This period was supported by developments in seafaring

MERCANTILISM A theory that maintains that the true measure of a country’s wealth was the total amount of gold and silver it possessed. Colonies were important because they contributed to the wealth of the colonizers through their gold and silver mines.

What were the Europeans’ motives?

European Motives They could benefit from the natural resources and products of Asia. Asia was also a potential market for their goods.

COLONIALISM Refers to the process wherein Europeans stay and wield political power over some parts of the world – America, Australia, Africa and Asia

means creating an empire and into the neighboring expanding regions IMPERIALISM means creating an empire and into the neighboring expanding regions

1st stage of Imperialism 16th to 17th century - Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Netherlands and France - This form of imperialism is called colonialism

2nd stage of Imperialism 18th to 19th century 1. Industrialization – started because of the Industrial Revolution Mass production of goods with the use of machines Began in England and spread to other countries in Europe and South America

2nd stage of Imperialism 18th to 19th century 2. Capitalism – an economic system characterized by private ownership of capital and free competition in the market 3. White Man’s Burden – the Westerners thought it was their “duty” and “obligation” to civilize the people in Asia

Look at the figure on page 334 That is how Asia served as a source of raw materials and a market for European goods

Let’s Assess Who wrote a book that served as an “advertisement” of Asia to the Europeans? What is the name of the period when developments in seafaring led to discovery of new lands?

Let’s Test What You Know

Mercantilism Imperialism Colonialsim Capitalism This refers to the process wherein Europeans stay and wield political power over several territories in different parts of the world like Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. Mercantilism Imperialism Colonialsim Capitalism Colonialism

Industrial Revolution This historical period refers to the time when goods and commodities were mass produced with use of machines. Industrialization Manufacturing Capitalism Industrial Revolution A - Industrialization

Industrial Revolution This is an economic system which is characterized by private ownership of capital and marked by free competition in the market. Industrialization Manufacturing Capitalism Industrial Revolution C - Capitalism

White Man’s Burden Imperialism Colonialism Salvation The Western philosophy that believed that they were justified in colonizing the “savage and uncivilized parts of the world” and that they had the duty to bring civilization and knowledge to the “natives” White Man’s Burden Imperialism Colonialism Salvation A – White Man’s Burden

This was the main objective of the men who joined the Crusades become wealthy reclaim Jerusalem defeat the Muslims for glory and God B – reclaim Jerusalem

Different Forms of Imperialism (p. 335) Colonialism – direct control of a foreign country over an occupied country Economic imperialism – foreign large private business enterprises control over a country that is not yet well-developed

Different Forms of Imperialism (p. 335) Protectorate – a foreign country allows the native rulers of a weaker power to remain in power Sphere of influence – a foreign country maintains a strong political or economic influence over a country or a geographical region

COLONIALISM IN WEST ASIA

Islam – new force in West Asia

Areas occupied by the Muslims Syria, North Africa and Sicily

Leadership in West Asia Rashidun Umayyad caliphates Abbasid caliphates

OTTOMAN DYNASTY

Ottoman Dynasty (1299 to 1922) 1299 – Osman 1 established the Ottoman dynasty - It started in northwest Anatolia (present-day Turkey)

15th century – territorial expansion Ottoman Expansion 15th century – territorial expansion – towards the north going to Crimea to the east in Baghdad and Basra to the south on the shores of the Arabian sea and the Persian Gulf To the west in Egypt and North Africa all the way to Europe

Guide Questions for the Video When was the “Age of Islam”? Who was the founder of the Ottoman empire? When did the Ottomans attack Constantinople? Who was known as the “protector of Islam” during that period? Give two factors that strengthened the Ottoman empire.

Great Britain vs. Russia

Constantinople in the 19th century

Constantinople – strategically located

The British wanted Constantinople to remain uncolonized so they could freely stay in the region.

Battle between Foreign Countries in West Asia 1907 – Persia (present-day Iran was divided into 3 zones Neutral zone Russian zone British zone

Khanate – a system of government headed by a khan Sheikdom – a land, society or tribe headed by a sheik which means “elder”

Young Turks movement A political reform movement that emerged to initiate changes in the intellectual, industrial and military aspects of the empire that was on decline

1914 – World War 1 The Ottoman empire lost control of North Africa, Hungary and a large part of Southeast Europe.

1914 – World War 1 Allied Powers – alliance made up of France, Russia and Great Britain or the Triple Entente.

1918 - 1922 Abolition of the Ottoman empire led to the creation of the Republic of Turkey

Foreign Countries in West and South Asia REGION COUNTRIES INVOLVED WEST ASIA Russia Germany Great Britain SOUTH ASIA Portuguese in India Dutch in India French British

Date of da Gama’s return to Lisbon from India 15th Century 1499 Date of da Gama’s return to Lisbon from India 3000% Vasco de Gama’s profit from the spices he sold in Portugal which he obtained from India

Portuguese control in Asia 1510 – Albuquerque occupied Goa which was occupied by the Muslims The Portuguese seized control of the ports of India under the hands of Arab merchants.

Portuguese control in Asia Wanted control of the trade in the East Indies and China Catholicism was spread by the Jesuits

THE DUTCH IN INDIA (page 357) 1642 – The Portuguese were ousted from Africa (Ghana) by the Dutch. 1602 – the Dutch East India Company was established. It was granted the right to trade with and occupy lands.

1740 – British and the French continued to battle over India 1744 to 1761 – series of battles between the British and the French over India 1757 – the British reclaimed Calcutta 1761 – the British gained Pondicherry (SE part of India)

THE BRITISH IN INDIA 1600 – The English East India Company was founded It was given trade monopoly from the Cape of Good Hope to the Strait of Magellan

PRODUCTS TRADED BY THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY COTTON, SILK, OPIUM INDIGO, DYES, SALT SALTPETER, TEA

By 1647, the British had…. 23 TRADE OUTPOSTS 90 EMPLOYEES IN INDIA

Bombay, Madras and Calcutta End of the 17th century Supplied opium to China from the 1730s in spite of the opium ban in 1729 Bombay, Madras and Calcutta Collected taxes from the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha

SEPOY – means Indian soldiers SEPOY MUTINY IN 1857 Led to the establishment of the British Raj - Great Britain governed India directly SEPOY – means Indian soldiers

Quiz What term was used to call “Indian soldiers”? 2. Who established the Ottoman empire? 3. What was the name of the Dutch company that had the right to trade and occupy lands?

Quiz 4. Who helped the Portuguese spread Catholicism in India? 5. What was the name of the period when Great Britain and Russia struggled for control of some parts of Asia?

Quiz 6. What kind of imperialism is it when a foreign country allows the native rulers of a weaker power to remain in power? 7. Give two products traded by the English East India Company. Protectorate Silk, indigo, salt, saltpeter, opium, silk

Quiz 8. What was the new force in Asia that gained power in the 7th century? 9. Give two products traded by the English East India Company. 8. Islam 9.