Introduction To Guidance And Counselling By. Omondi O.O. For NYGCA (2015/2016) 26th June, 2015 5.00pm

Guidance This term has had different definitions by varied scholars. Petterson, 1977 – broad area of educational activities and services for planning and achieving satisfactory life adjustments. It equips students with knowledge and techniques for achieving their desired goals. Mutie and Ndambuki, 2011 – helping and advising someone to understand and leverage their educational, vocational, and individual opportunities to adjust well in school and life. It equips individuals with the tools for deciding what to do when faced by challenges.

History of Guidance Movement Its development began in the US and the UK in the 19th Century. Frank Parson – founder Vocational Bureau; writer Choosing A Vocation. George Merril – implemented a plan for guiding students on the right vocational choices in 1895.

History of Guidance Movement (cont.) Godwin – vocational guidance in schools in 1901. Guidance supervisor appointment Contact of at least one pupil with a teacher Teachers' intelligent and sympathetic assistance A logical analysis of each student Weaver – Guidance services in New York Schools in 1912; organized local agencies for student guidance and placement.

Guidance in Africa and Kenya It was a traditional process starting from childhood through to old age. Children Trained on behaviour and consolidating virtue. Trained to develop a balanced personality. Trained to use appropriate language, respect elders, and such skills as cultivating, hunting, and self-defence. Trained to understand their kinship groups, taboos, poisonous plants, dangerous animals and sundry (Mutie and Ndambuki, 2011).

Guidance in Africa and Kenya (cont.) Adolescents Trained on gender roles. Trained on the various rites of passage and societal hierarchy. Trained on social obligations while encouraging the virtues of honesty, perseverance, and moral decision-making. Initiation marked their transition from childhood to adulthood.

Guidance in Africa and Kenya (cont.) Adults Trained on responsible parenthood. Trained on survival skills such as pottery, weaving, hunting, dancing, and others.

Guidance in Africa and Kenya (cont.) In Kenya, schools offer guidance services to students. The Ministry of Education and other private agencies like NYGCA, ALA Counselling Center and others are involved actively in offering guidance to students and young professionals. The main challenge is the absence of a national policy for developing a compulsory guidance program in schools and colleges (Mutie and Ndambuki, 2011).

Characteristics of Guidance It is a continuous and sequential process. It is voluntary and non-dominating. It attempts to provide suitable a suitable program for the client. It encourages the human capacity for self- development. It recognises human rights. It bars counsellors from emotional involvement.

Areas of Guidance Education Vocation Avocation Social Life Moral Health Personal Issues Vacation

Rationale for Counselling The shift from extended to nuclear and single-parent families. Poverty and overreliance on the cash economy. Changing political demands and expectations. Urbanization. Unemployment. The advent of technology. It is, therefore, imperative to promote the status of the child [and adults as well].

History of Counselling Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis) B.F. Skinner (Behaviorist) Albert Ellis (REBT) Carl Rodgers (Person-centered) Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs)

Objectives of Counselling To assist the client gain insight into the origin of their difficulties. To change bad or undesirable behaviour. To integrate parts that previously conflicted within the clients. To provide skills, awareness, and knowledge for confronting psychosocial issues.

Characteristics of Counselling It is voluntary. It is client-centered. It aims to help the client achieve greater life satisfaction. It is funded on transference. The information shared in a counselling session is confidential (with exceptions). The counsellor respects the client's decisions. The counsellor is not judgemental The counsellor offer top-notch services. The counsellor is a powerful influence.

TO STUDENTS Do you think you need to learn about Guidance and Counselling? Please site your reasons?

Thank You :-)

Counselling This term has various definitions but is simply a professional help involving a counsellor (the professional) and the client (who needs help). It is a learning process where the counsellor cares about the psychosocial growth of the client.