World War I WWI Leaders Research Find one interesting fact about each WWI leader. Find an additional fact about the role each played in WWI. Complete the information for one leader of your choice.

World War I: “The Great War” What? War involving nearly all the nations of the world When? 1914-1918 Where? Europe

World War I Why? Long Term Causes M – Militarism – building up strong military & stockpiling weapons to be prepared for war A - Alliance System – agreements between nations to aid and protect each other I - Imperialism – competition to take over other nations either economically or politically N – Nationalism – extreme pride for one’s nation

World War I: “The Spark” Why? Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914

World War I: “The Domino Effect” How? Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia helps Serbia by sending troops Germany gets angry and declares war on Russia France joins Russia because they have an alliance

World War I: “The Domino Effect” How? Germany is upset and invades Belgium to get to France The United Kingdom joins to protect Belgium and together they declare war on Germany The Russians drop out because of the Russian Revolution The U.S. joins because Germany sinks 4 of their ships

World War I Who? Central Powers Allied powers Serbia Russia (leaves in 1917) France Great Britain Belgium Italy (joined 1915) United States (1917) Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? America was an isolationist - “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems?” Today, is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?

Which side should the US pick? Allies: Central Powers: Immigrants from all over Europe were now in America-divided feelings 11 million German-Americans Irish-Americans hated Great Britain Close cultural ties Shared transatlantic cables Big business loaned $ to allies US Exports & Trades with both sides:

What did it take to FINALLY get the US involved? 1. Blockades Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America Germany in turn told Americans to stay off of British ships or they would sink them Sinking of the Lusitania British passenger ship torpedoed – Americans on board Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition and was in the “war zone”

What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful. Was Germany right to do so?

What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Zimmerman Telegram US intercepted a telegram from Germany to Mexico that promised Texas, New Mexico and Arizona back in return for an alliance If Germany had succeeded in allying with Mexico, what would have happened?

US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war The war was not looking good for the Allies, so what did the US do to help? U.S. Joins the Allies – now an easy decision US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war

America Declares War…We Just Have to Convince the People it is the Right Decision President Wilson’s Plan to convince America: War to end all wars Must fight to make the world safe for Democracy “The Fourteen Points” – 14 promises to work on after the war including freedom of the seas and setting up a League of Nations to work on keeping peace rather than making secret alliances

“The Fourteen Points” Diplomacy - There should be no secret treaties between powers Freedom of Navigation - Seas should be free in both peace and war Free Trade - The barriers to trade between countries such as custom duties should be removed Multilateral Disarmament - All countries should reduce their armed forces to the lowest possible levels Colonies - People in European colonies should have a say in their future Russia - Russia should be allowed to operate whatever government it wanted and that government should be accepted, supported and welcomed. Belgium - Belgium should be evacuated and restored to the situation before the war. France - should have Alsace-Lorraine and any lands taken away during the war restored. Italy - The Italian border should be readjusted according to nationality National Self -Determination - The national groups in Europe should, wherever possible, be given their independence. Romania, Montenegro and Serbia - Should be evacuated and Serbia should have an outlet to the sea Turkey - The people of Turkey should have a say in their future Poland - Poland should become an independent state with an outlet to the sea. League of Nations - An assembly of all nations should be formed to protect world peace in the future.

The Homefront The Homefront Propaganda: used to rally citizen support. Wilson created the Committee on Public information to express the purpose of the war and influence citizens to take action! Victory gardens: Part of the war effort, the government rationed foods like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat and canned goods. The government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens." They wanted individuals to provide their own fruits and vegetables. About 20 million Americans participated. War bonds: Helped to pay about 2/3 of war effort low interest loans by civilians to the government, meant to be repaid in a number of years. North Carolina provided military training camps.

The League of Nations: The Treaty of Versailles ended the war and League formed. United States did not ratify the treaty; therefore, they were not asked to be a part of the League of Nations