Social Psychology as Science

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Presentation transcript:

Social Psychology as Science

Definition of social psychology The influence that people have upon the beliefs and behavior of others.

Today Quiz – Ch. 1 and 9 Complete group presentation Syllabus review Social Psychology as a Science

Concerns of social psychology How are people influenced? Why do people accept influence? What variables increase and decrease the effectiveness of social influence? Is the effect permanent or transitory? Do the same principles apply to everyone?

Hindsight bias This is the tendency to overestimate our ability to predict events, once we know the outcome Everyone is susceptible to this bias

Problem Solving…

Confirmation Bias A tendency to search for, and see, information that confirms one’s preconceptions.

Science! Wonder why Formulate hypothesis Test hypothesis Draw conclusions Report results

Primary Concerns with Research Are the data reliable? Are the data valid? Aronson uses “experimental realism” and “mundane realism” Ethics of the experiment Effects on subject Use of results

Experimental Design Strengths Weaknesses Only way to determine cause and effect. Weaknesses Validity – Ethical considerations Practicality Why the only way to determine causation? Random assignment Control variables

Examples of Experimental Designs Most famous Social Psy: Milgram Zimbardo Love Experiment

In love experiment… Wonder why – what do you want to know? Formulate hypothesis – specific question? Test hypothesis – suspension bridge Draw conclusions – Ethical Considerations?

Opinion Polls Current polls on questions on upcoming ballot: Referendum 71 Two polls – Elway and Greenberg, et al. Both random samples – One shows approval among likely voters at 51% to 44% ‘reject’. The other shows 48% to 40% approve But 10% didn’t understand – would vote opposite to opinions – support ‘everything but marriage’ Other polls show over 65% support for domestic partnership laws.

Opinion Polls I- 1033 Rasmussen Reports, in a statewide phone poll conducted Sept. 22 among 500 likely voters, shows 61 percent definitely or probably in favor of I-1033, 31 percent definitely or probably against and 8 percent not sure. The independent Elway Poll also put it ahead by a 2-to-1 margin — 46 percent to 22 percent, with a large segment, 32 percent, undecided.

Opinion Polls Wonder why – what is the question? Formulate hypothesis – is this the case? What do they expect to learn? Test hypothesis – how reliable and valid is the survey instrument? Draw conclusions – what conclusions and where do they lead?

Design an experiment! Wonder why – what do we want to know (perhaps about BA students?) Formulate hypothesis – specific question? Test hypothesis Draw conclusions Ethical considerations