Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Pg. 156-159

King James I (1603-1625) Who is James I? How did he feel about being king? Queen Elizabeth’s cousin King of Scotland “Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth.” Did not win Parliament’s favor They refused to give him money for his court and wars

Charles I (1625-1649) Who is Charles I? How did he treat Parliament? What is the Petition of Rights? Son of James I Always in need of money At war with Spain and France When Parliament refused him, he’s dissolve it 1628- needs money, calls Parliament to session Refuse him until he signs it Would not imprison subjects without due cause Would not levy taxes w/o Parliament's consent Would not house soldiers in private homes Would not impose martial law in peacetime

Charles I (continued) Why was the Petition of Right important? What happens with the Scots? Set forth the idea that the law was higher than the king Contradicts absolute monarchy Charles ignores it Dissolves Parliament in 1629 Does not call it back into session Gets money be imposing taxes and fees Tries to force Presbyterian Scots into the Anglican Church Scots rebel, assemble large army, & threaten to invade England Charles needs money, calls Parliament into session

Limiting the monarchy 1642-1649 What occurs when Parliament tries to limit Charles’ power? When was the English Civil War? 1641- Parliament passes law to limit monarchy power 1642- Charles tries to arrest Parliament leaders but they escape Mobs of angry citizens protest outside the palace Charles flees London Heads north to try to raise an army 1642-1649

English Civil War Supporters of King Charles- Royalists/Cavaliers Who was involved in the English Civil War? Who was Oliver Cromwell? What was King Charles on trial for? Supporters of King Charles- Royalists/Cavaliers Puritan supporters of Parliament General of New Model Army (Puritan supporters) Leads army in defeating the Cavaliers in 1646 Captures King Charles in 1647 Treason Found guilty & sentenced to death First time a reigning monarch faced public trial and execution

Cromwell’s rule What did Cromwell do while in power? 1649, abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords Established a commonwealth—a republican form of government Drafted a constitution- the first written constitution of any modern European state Cromwell eventually tore up the document and ruled as a military dictator. Worked with Puritans- Created laws promoted Puritan morality and abolished activities they found sinful (theater) Cromwell favored religious toleration for all Christians except Catholics. He even welcomed back Jews, who had been expelled from England in 1290

Charles II How does Charles II come to power? What Restoration mean? What does hapeas corpus mean? Cromwell reigns until his death in 1658 Gov’t collapses Parliament created Oldest son of Charles I asked to take the throne Charles II restores the monarchy so his reign is called the Restoration period Restored: theater, sporting events, and dancing 1st time women are allowed to appear on the stage A judge to decide who should go to trial and who should be set free (1679 law)

Glorious Revolution What causes the Glorious Revolution? Charles II dies without an heir. His brother, James II, takes the throne He’s a Catholic (this is bad in England) James appoints Catholics to high office (against the law!) Dissolves Parliament when they protest 1688, 2nd wife gives birth to Catholic son The thought of Catholic kings causes Protestants to act James II has older daughter, Mary (Protestant) Married to William of Orange (prince of Netherlands) Parliament asks them to come and over throw James 1688, William brings army, but James flees to France

Political Changes What changes occurred under William and Mary’s rule? What was the cabinet system? Constitutional Monarchy Laws that limit the rulers power Bill of Rights (1689). No suspending of Parliament’s laws No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances Monarchy could not rule without Parliament approval/Parliament could not rule without monarchy approval Cabinet developed Acted in the rulers name but represented a party of the Parliament