On Target? Do this on your Warm Up worksheet! Which of the 4 activities in this unit best helped you learn/understand DNA transcription and translation? Why? Book definitions and diagram Dance with Ribosomes Push-Pin models Castle-recipe-chef analogy video

For Today: Warm Up Mutations Presentations Sickle Cell Mutations Quiz Objective: I can explain how a mutation in DNA changes the resulting proteins using the example of sickle cell anemia.

In Your Table Groups… Assign each person a job (need to have all the jobs, but a job can be assigned to more than 1 person): Reader, Writer, Transcriber, Speaker Read page 199, and complete the Task on a separate sheet of paper (each table group will be assigned a specific alteration) First Write your DNA sequence, then Transcribe into mRNA and protein sequence (use chart on pg 190). Then below, write your altered DNA sequence, mRNA and amino acid sequence. You should have 2 protein sequences when you are finished. Below your proteins, write what your group changed, how that change affected the protein, and what implications that may have on the trait. Each group will present their mutations Important take-home messages- Possible outcomes of DNA mutations: No change in amino acids or the resulting protein, meaning no trait change Change in amino acids and/or the resulting protein, which changes the trait

Codon Chart

Each group will share out their DNA mutations scenarios. Sharing out! Each group will share out their DNA mutations scenarios. While they are sharing, please be listening! Important take-home messages- Possible outcomes of DNA mutations: No change in amino acids or the resulting protein, meaning no trait change Change in amino acids and/or the resulting protein, which changes the trait

Sharing out! Each group will share out their DNA mutations scenarios. While they are sharing, please take short notes in your lab notebook from each group about: The change to their DNA sequence How it affected the amino acid sequence What implications that might have You also need to get the information for your group in your lab notebook! Important take-home messages- Possible outcomes of DNA mutations: No change in amino acids or the resulting protein, meaning no trait change Change in amino acids and/or the resulting protein, which changes the trait

Kinds of Mutations Notes A base substitution (substituting one base for another) can result in either a change in the amino acid encoded (ex: AAU codes for asn, while GAU codes for Asp) or the same amino acid being encoded (ex: GCA codes for ala, while GCU also codes for ala) Inserting or deleting one or more bases cases the mRNA sequence to be read in the wrong combination, possibly resulting in different amino acids (but not always!) No matter what the mutation, there are 2 possible outcomes: No change in amino acids or the resulting protein, meaning no trait change Change in amino acids and/or the resulting protein, which changes the trait Important take-home messages- Possible outcomes of DNA mutations: No change in amino acids or the resulting protein, meaning no trait change Change in amino acids and/or the resulting protein, which changes the trait

DNA Mutations: Normal vs. Sickle Cell (TAPE THIS IN YOUR LAB NOTEBOOK Normal (Hemoglobin A) mRNA: AUG GUG CAC CUG ACU CCU GAG GAG AAG UCU Sickling (Hemoglobin S) mRNA: AUG GUG CAC CUG ACU CCU GUG GAG AAG UCU Discussion activity: assign each table position a number. Roll a dice, and have those people from each table rotate counter-clockwise. Discuss question #1. Roll dice again, move, and repeat with questions #2-5.

Answer the following questions IN YOUR LAB NOTEBOOK Answer the following questions IN YOUR LAB NOTEBOOK!- I WILL STAMP TOMORROW FOR WARM UP! 1. What is the difference between the mRNA sequences for normal and sickling hemoglobin? How does this affect the protein? 2. Write the sequences for each of the strands of normal and sickling DNA. What changes do you see? 3. What effect does this change have on the function of the protein? (Hint: think about the difference between hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S). 4. How does this change affect the individual who carries the DNA sequence for hemoglobin S? Discussion activity: assign each table position a number. Roll a dice, and have those people from each table rotate counter-clockwise. Discuss question #1. Roll dice again, move, and repeat with questions #2-5.