Sylvie Sokol – BA (Hons)Graphic Media and Communication Year 3

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Sylvie Sokol – BA (Hons)Graphic Media and Communication Year 3 How has ancient Japanese woodblock printing influenced modern art and design in the last 150 Years? Sylvie Sokol – BA (Hons)Graphic Media and Communication Year 3

Outline Introduction Structure of the thesis Addressing the research question Chapters and conclusion Methodologies Work plan Structure overview Bibliography

Introduction Japanese woodblock designers 200 years ago new trade agreements began in the 1850’s when Japan opened its borders. This saw a flow of Japanese Graphic art into the West. Woodblock printing originated from China c. 220 AD and was adopted by Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868). This was a period of economic growth for Japan and strict social order. Utamaro, Hiroshige and Hokusai were the three main master printers of their period from the Ukiyo-e ‘Floating World’ school of printmaking. Ukiyo-e genre emerged during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The art form was very well received in Europe.

Structure of the Thesis Introduction Chapter 1 - Japanese designers. Chapter 2 - Japanese designers influencing 19th century design. Chapter 3 - Modern day woodblock designers. Conclusion

How has ancient Japanese woodblock printing influenced modern art and design in the last 150 Years? The research will be a time line, beginning with an investigation into the history of Japanese designers, their influence on 19th century designers and then moving onto looking at how 21st century woodblock designers create their art. Focusing on one particular Ukiyo-e master, Katsushika Hokusai, who had a direct impact on Impressionism. How has modern day methods changed significantly since the 19th century? How are 21st century woodblock designers influenced in their work today? This research question will be answered by using Primary, Secondary and Tertiary research methods set out in the following chapters and Qualitative methodologies.

Chapter 1 Japanese designers. Primary research: Toshidama Gallery visit. Secondary research: Books, articles, journals and websites. Tertiary: Guide books and encyclopedias.

Katsushika Hokusai (1760 – 1849) Most of Hokusai’s most important work was produced after the age of 60. The most popular Ukiyo-e series, created by Hokusai between 1826 and 1833 were the ‘Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji’. The Great Wave is one of his most well known pieces. Hokusai had a direct influence on the Impressionism movement. Artists such as Monet, Manet, Degas, Gauguin and Van Gogh, all collected his woodcuts. How has Hokusai’s work influenced 19th century artists and designers in Europe?

Chapter 2 Japanese designers influencing 19th century design. Primary research: Toshidama Gallery visit. Secondary research: Books, journals, articles and websites. Tertiary research: Encyclopedias and bibliographies.

Impressionists and post-impressionists Japanese woodblock art had a major influence on many of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. Claude Manet, Edgar Degas, Van Gogh, Gaugin and Toulouse Lautrec all emulated the Ukiyo-e style. Philippe Burty a French journalist and art critic published an article in 1876 using the term Japonisme, as did Jules Claretie in his book L’Art français en 1872. The rise of printmaking in Europe was also attributed to Japonisme. The French term Japonisme is taken from Japonism, this refers to the influence of Japanese art on European art, particularly Impressionism. How did the Impressionists emulate Ukiyo-e?

Chapter 3 Modern day woodblock designers. Primary research: Emails, telephone calls, visits to artists and interviews. Secondary research: Blogs, websites, books, journals and articles. Tertiary research: Guide books.

Today’s woodblock designers There are a few local woodblock printing companies that are practicing today, Woodblock.eu and artist Julia Manning. The two members of Woodblock.eu are Merlyn Chesterman based in Devon and Rod Nelson based in Gloucestershire. Their work is influenced by a Japanese printmaker Shiko Munakata. Julia Manning is based in Keinton Mandeville, Somerset. She studied fine art at Bath Academy of Art and is now focusing her work as an artist-printmaker. Similar to the subject matter of Ukiyo-e, Julia’s subject matter is drawn from everyday life. How has the process of woodblock design and creation changed in the 21st century?

Conclusion Look at the rejection of technology. Keeping traditional crafts alive today. How do modern woodblock designers view their work today? Have they been influenced by the Ukiyo-e style? Or has their influence come from the Impressionist era? What is the future for this art form?

methodologies Interviews. Case study. Participant observation. Qualitative methodology.

Workplan December to January February to March Create thesis plan Start research Review literature Contact woodblock artists Julia Manning and Woodblock.eu with a view to arranging visits. Visit Toshidama Gallery. February to March Collate data. Analyse data. Draft thesis. Review thesis. Proof read, edit and check thesis before final print.

Thesis structure Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Conclusion How has ancient Japanese woodblock printing influenced modern art and design in the last 150 years? Introduction Japanese designers. Primary research: Toshidama Gallery visit. Secondary research: Books, articles, journals and websites. Tertiary: Guide books and encyclopedias. Chapter 1 Japanese designers influencing 19th century design. Secondary research: Books, journals, articles and websites. Tertiary: Encyclopedias and bibliographies. Chapter 2 Modern day woodblock designers. Primary research – emails, telephone calls, visits to artists and interviews. Secondary research – blogs, websites, books, journals and articles. Tertiary research: Guide books. Chapter 3 What is the future for this art form? Conclusion

Bibliographies Feller Ives C. (1979)The Great Wave. Book Bindery Inc. Forrer M. (1991) Hokusai. Germany: Prestel-Verlag. Keyes R. (1985) The Art of Surimono. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. (Vol. 1). Keyes R. (1985) The Art of Surimono. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. (Vol. 2). Munro M. (2008) Masterclass: Understanding Shunga, A Guide to Japanese Erotic Art. London: MacHo Ltd. Kiama Art Gallery (2015) Available at: https://kiamaartgallery.wordpress.com/2015/05/07/impressionism-the-influence-of-japonisme/ (Accessed 4th December 2016). Toshidama Gallery Available at: http://www.toshidama-japanese-prints.com/ (Accessed 16th November 2016). Toshidama Gallery Available at: http://www.toshidama-japanese-prints.com/item_949/Hiroshige-Kacho-e-of-Mandarin-Ducks-Swimming-Among- Water-Grasses.htm (Accessed 5th December 2016). Julia Manning Available at: http://www.juliamanning.co.uk/?page_id=11 (Accessed 26th November 2016). Woodblock.eu Available at: http://www.woodblock.eu/ (Accessed 16th November 2016).