Human Factors and Safety: Rapporteur and Session Chair Reports 27 June 2003

Rapporteur: Session Chairs: Anthony Smoker IFATCA Mark Rodgers FAA Sandy Lozito NASA Nadine Pilon EUROCONTROL J-P Nicolaon EUROCONTROL 27 June 2003

Average attendance per session = 43 Human Factors 12 papers submitted 6 papers presented (+1 student paper) Session 1 – Current Controller activity Session 2 – Operation and design of technical systems 4 USA Papers 2 European Papers Average attendance per session = 43 27 June 2003

Human Factors - Controller Activity Need to understand the cognitive utility of present day controller tools in the design of electronic replacements Significance of structure in the operating environment to controller cognitive performance: there are implications for system design Operating concepts should not be designed without a regard for - spatial temporal and organisational structure Modelling and measuring, thus predicting, controller performance and workload remains elusive 27 June 2003

Mixed-media (i.e. Datalink and voice) yields problems to flight deck - Human Factors – Operation and design of new systems Mixed-media (i.e. Datalink and voice) yields problems to flight deck - with safety and efficiency implications Compound effect of combinations of new technologies - new technologies introduced simultaneously can alter the control environment: affects upon system stability Future concepts and definitions remain confused (e.g. “Free Flight” and “Free Route”) Promising new Innovative/creative techniques exist to develop & elicit requirements but - are resource intensive but may resolve some problems 27 June 2003

Safety 13 papers submitted 2 European 1 US 1 joint US/European 4 papers presented + 1 student paper Session 1: Safety culture and causal factors in ATC incidents Session 2:Safety benefits of Capstone and modelling of situational awareness 2 European 1 US 1 joint US/European Average attendance per session = 37 27 June 2003

Safety – Culture & Incidents Safety and Operational culture: ATSU versus ATSU as well as national differences JANUS Incident reporting scheme: common methodology across the Atlantic for investigating incidents – where to next? ATC safety developments have potential for use in other domains – e.g. Flight Deck Psycho-social state of organisations – some are better adapted to change in ATM? Safety culture can close the loop of system design 27 June 2003

Safety: CAPSTONE & Modelling Diverse methods for safety assessments from field trials through to mathematical models – they are complementary and should be! Safety benefits in unexpected ways – requisite imagination of pilots and controllers Modelling of SA in human performance for safety analysis developing – but demand rigour in their development Ethnographic studies yield unexpected insight into operations 27 June 2003

Recommendations Researchers on both sides of the Atlantic are mutually unaware of the the capabilities of their counterparts respective systems – access and dissemination of information is essential Efficiency to be gained by working together:- to take account of what work has been done elsewhere mechanisms need to be developed to communicate and to work together collaboratively Safety – only 4 papers out of 13 selected – does the community really appreciate safety? AP15, Uberlingen Investment required into safety methodologies and metrics to cover the entire lifecycle – progress being made but acceptance of formal methods required Commonly accepted metrics required for both HF and Safety 27 June 2003

Santa Fe recommendations: Concluding thoughts: Santa Fe recommendations: have been progressed & some addressed in the papers presented in Budapest Archival process of the summary and proceedings of ATM R+D seminars 27 June 2003