Chemistry: Getting to know the elements

H Hydrogen C Carbon N Nitrogen O Oxygen P Phosphorus S Sulfur

Symbol Latin English Ag argentum Silver Au aurum Gold Sn stannum Tin K kalium Potassium Hg hydrargyrum Mercury Pb plumbum Lead

Element Symbol Atomic Number Ti 22 C 6 Na 11 Al 13 K 19 Hg 80 N 7 B 5 S 16 Ca 20

Uses of some Elements Si: Silicon Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick. Useful refractory material for high-temperature work It is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass For use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices (electronics)

Ca: Calcium reducing agent in preparing other metals such as thorium, uranium, zirconium Used as an alloying agent for aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys Occurs abundantly as limestone, gypsum, and fluorite

C: Carbon In graphite form carbon is used for writing utensils In diamond form carbon is used for jewelry

Ag: Silver Sterling silver is used for jewelry, silverware Photography Dental alloys Used to make solder Electrical contacts Batteries Mirrors

Hg: Mercury Thermometers and barometers Making mercury-vapor lamps and advertising signs. Mercury switches and other electronic apparatus. Pesticides Dental preparations, anti-fouling paint, batteries, and catalysts.

Pb: Lead Used as a sound absorber Used as a radiation shield around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, and is used to absorb vibration. White lead, the basic carbonate, sublimed white lead, chrome yellow, and other lead compounds are used extensively in paints Lead oxide is used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass”

Cu: Copper The electrical industry is one of the greatest users of copper. Copper wire Iron's alloys -- brass and bronze -- are very important: all American coins are copper alloys and gun metals also contain copper. Copper has wide use as an agricultural poison and as an algaecide in water purification.

Al: Aluminum Used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Alloys are used to coat telescope mirrors and to make decorative paper, packages, and toys.

What is an atom? Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retain the chemical properties.

What is a proton and where is it located in an atom? A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

What is an electron and where is it located in an atom? Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround an atom’s nucleus.

What is a neutron and where is it located in an atom? Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei (nucleus). Neutrons have a negative and a positive charge

An Atom of Carbon

Formulas and Elements Water H2O Hydrogen and oxygen

Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium and chlorine

Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

Silicon oxide SiO2 Silicon and oxygen

Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon and oxygen

Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen

Methane CH4 Carbon and hydrogen

Chemical Formulas Sand: SiO2 Baking soda: NaHCO3 Ammonia: NH3 Vinegar: CH3COOH