Census Natural Increase Natural Migration Population Growth Demography Census Natural Increase Natural Migration Population Growth

Population Growth 2000 years ago there were 300 million people In 1804 we reached 1 billion Reached 7 billion in 2015 76 million added every year The rate of increase is of greater concern than the number of people

Demography The study of the characteristics, trends, and issues of human population Helps to understand the causes and consequences of population change Able to predict or explain changes in society Government Needs accurate figures to plan for schools and hospitals Business Use numbers to plan marketing

The Census A national census in Canada is conducted every five years by Statistics Canada. provides demographic and statistical data that is used to plan public services including health care, education, and transportation Gives a snapshot of the population Required by law to complete

Changing Census Long form every 10 years and short form every 5years The government switched from a mandatory to a voluntary census in the summer of 2010. On November 5, 2015, the Liberal party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory long-form census, starting in 2016.

Issue of Accuracy Developed countries like Canada have the ability to keep data current, yet some margin for error Counting all homeless Developing countries census information is usually less accurate because the registration of births and deaths is not as complete Census takers cannot reach remote areas People in shantytowns are not counted as they are not considered permanent residents of cities Some people avoid it due to fear of the government, avoiding taxes, or opposition

Population Change There are 4 basic components to population change Birth rate Death rate Immigration rate Emigration rate These factors determine whether a population is growing or shrinking

Birth rate It is not useful to compare the birth rates of countries unless the total population of the countries are considered Ex. Canada vs China What really matters is comparing the number or births and the size of the population in each country EX. 1000 births in a population of 34 000 000

Birth Rate The number of children born in a region for every 1000 inhabitants It is calculated by dividing the number of births in one year by the population and then multiplying by 1000 Ex. 50 000 babies born divided by 35 000 000 x 1000 Canada’s birthrate is 10.6 children per 1000 Canadians

Death Rate Death Rate is the number of people who die in a region for every 1000 inhabitants Canada’s death rate is 7.4 deaths per 1000 Canadians Are we a declining population?

Natural Increase The rate at which the population increases or decreases in a year as a percentage of the total population Calculated by subtracting death rate from birth rate Does not include immigration or emigration numbers Canada 10.6- 7.4 = 0.32%

Exponential Rate of Growth A rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size EX. A couple has 2 children, and each child grows up and has 2 children and each of these children grow up and has 2 children 1,2,4,8,16,32 ect Each generation builds on the previous

Exponential Rate of Growth A convenient way to express exponential growth is to use the length of time it would take for a population to double in size Calculate Apply the rule of 70 which states that doubling time is approximately equal to 70 divided by the growth rate in percent each year 70 divided by 1.45 (India’s natural increase)= 48.27 years

Canada’s Exponential Growth Rate 70 divided by 0.32 (Canada’s natural increase)= 218.75 years

Natural Migration Population increase, in some countries like Canada, depends on immigrants Immigrants enter a country Emigrants leave a country A country’s net migration rate is the difference between its immigration and emigration rates Immigration – emigration= Natural Migration

Population Change To get a clear picture of a country’s annual population change you must calculate all factors Birth and death rates(natural increase) and immigration and emigration (net migration) will give a clear population change

Canada Depends on Immigration Canada, the US, and Australia are amoung the few countries which depend on immigration Most come to Canada as economic migrants from developing nations wanting a better standard of living Others come as refugees seeking escape from persecution in their home country 2001-2006 Canada averaged 222 000 international migrants per year

Large Scale Migration Affects the structure of the population by age and gender As most immigrants are young and generally male This gives the host country a younger population that will eventually result in a higher birth rate The country losing the population will experience the reverse effect

Calculating Population Growth Rate The rate that a population changes To calculate natural increase plus net migration expressed as a percentage See page 364 Figure 11-10